Brazil - Brazil

Brazil (Portugis: Brasil) adalah negara terbesar di Amerika Selatan dan yang kelima terbesar di dunia. Brazil adalah sebuah negara yang sangat beragam, dari segi masyarakat, budaya, dan pemandangan - dari karnaval musim panas yang terkenal di Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, Olinda, dan Recife kepada kekuatan alam semula jadi di Amazon dan Air Terjun Iguaçu. Anda akan menjumpai bandar-bandar yang sibuk, pantai yang santai, dan gaya hidup tradisional, sering bersebelahan. Budaya Brazil, yang sangat berbeza di seluruh negara, berasal dari gabungan antarabangsa penjajah Eropah, komuniti Afrika dan Asia (terutamanya di Salvador dan Sao Paulo, masing-masing), dan pengaruh orang asli di seluruh negara.

Kawasan

Brazil adalah negara kelima terbesar di dunia. Kawasan ini terbahagi kepada lima wilayah, terutama di sekitar garis negara, tetapi wilayah ini juga kurang lebih mengikut garis batas semula jadi, ekonomi dan budaya.

Bandar

Brazil mempunyai banyak bandar menarik, mulai dari bandar kolonial dan persembunyian pesisir hingga metropolis yang sibuk dan meriah; ini adalah beberapa destinasi pelancongan yang lebih terkenal:

• -15.793889-47.8827781 Brasília - Ibu kota Brazil, dan pemandangan seni bina. Bangunan yang terkenal termasuk katedral berbentuk bakul, Istana Arches yang indah (tempat duduk Kementerian Kehakiman) dan lain-lain.
• -27.5717-48.62562 Florianópolis - Bandar ini terletak di sebuah pulau di Lautan Atlantik di negara bagian selatan Santa Catarina, dengan tasik, laguna, alam yang menakjubkan dan lebih dari 40 pantai semula jadi yang bersih dan indah. Destinasi utama bagi warga Argentina pada bulan-bulan musim panas.
• -3.718333-38.5427783 Fortaleza - Bandar ke-4 terbesar di Brazil, diberkati dengan pantai yang indah. Rumah pasar jalanan Pantai Iracema. Pangkalan yang baik untuk menerokai pantai pantai timur laut, termasuk Jericoacoara. Terkenal dengan muzik dan pelawak forró.
• -3.1-60.0166674 Manaus - Terletak di tengah-tengah Amazon, adalah ibu kota Amazonas Nyatakan dan ia juga merupakan bandar terbesar di Amazon. Di Manaus, sungai Negro dan Solimes bertemu untuk menjadi Sungai Amazonas. Tempat terbaik untuk mengunjungi hutan hujan Amazon. Ini adalah pintu masuk ke Anavilhanas dan ke Taman Nasional Jaú.
• -30.033056-51.235 Porto Alegre - sebuah bandar utama antara Argentina dan São Paulo dan pintu masuk ke Green Canyons yang hebat di Brazil.
• -8.05-34.96 Recife - Sebuah bandar utama di wilayah Timur Laut, yang pada awalnya ditempatkan oleh penjajah Belanda. Dijuluki "Venice Brazil", ia dibina di beberapa pulau yang dihubungkan oleh banyak jambatan. Kaya dengan sejarah, seni dan cerita rakyat. Jangan ketinggalan berjiran Olinda dan Porto de Galinhas. Bandar ini juga merupakan pintu masuk ke kepulauan yang menakjubkan Fernando de Noronha.
• -22.908333-43.1963897 Rio de Janeiro - Bandar terkenal di dunia yang menyambut pengunjung dengan patung besar Yesus bersenjata terbuka di atas Bukit Corcovado.
• -12.974722-38.4766678 Salvador - Ibu negara pertama Brazil adalah rumah bagi gabungan budaya asli, Afrika dan Eropah yang unik. Keseronokan Karnival terkenal, dan pengaruh budaya dan agama Afrika sangat luar biasa.
• -23.55-46.6333339 Sao Paulo - Bandar terbesar, terkaya dan paling kosmopolitan di Brazil, di mana anda dapat memperoleh pengaruh kuat dari beberapa etnik, termasuk Itali, Korea, Jepun, Jerman, Rusia, Caribbean dan Arab.

Destinasi lain

• -4.439444-56.8402781 Amazônia - lawatan hutan, hidupan liar, kayu terapung, misteri Amazon
• -12.880278-41.3722222 Taman Negara Chapada Diamantina
• -14.083333-47.6666673 Chapada dos Veadeiros – cerrado (savana tropika) hidupan liar dan air terjun yang menakjubkan
• -3.853808-32.4237864 Fernando de Noronha - surga pulau tropika di tengah lautan Atlantik, dilindungi sebagai Taman Negara Laut sejak tahun 1997 dan a Tapak Warisan Dunia UNESCO
• -23.15-44.2333335 Ilha Grande
• -25.686667-54.4447226 Air Terjun Iguaçu - air terjun yang terkenal di dunia
• -0.983333-49.5833337 Ilha do Marajó- pulau air tawar terbesar di dunia
• -2.533333-43.1166678 Lençóis Maranhenses- taman air tawar dan bukit pasir; setengah bukit pasir, setengah tasik.
• -18-56.59 Pantanal - tanah lembap (paya) terbesar di dunia mempunyai banyak pelancongan eko dan keanekaragaman hayati yang luas, termasuk caiman, jaguar, anacondas, anteaters gergasi, primata, berang-berang gergasi dan piranha

Fahami

“	Sangat mudah untuk menentukan objek kagum individu dalam pemandangan hebat ini; tetapi tidak mungkin untuk memberikan idea yang memadai tentang perasaan keajaiban, kehairanan, dan pengabdian yang lebih tinggi, yang mengisi dan mengangkat akal.	”
—Charles Darwin, Pelayaran Beagle, mengenai Brazil

Sejarah

Sebelum Columbus tiba di Amerika, kawasan yang sekarang dikenali sebagai Brazil adalah tempat tinggal orang-orang yang kebanyakannya Tupi dan Guarani kumpulan etnik. Penjajahan oleh Portugis bermula pada akhir abad ke-16, dengan pengambilan kayu berharga dari pau brasil pokok, dari mana negara mengambil namanya. Brazil dijajah dan dikembangkan oleh Portugis dan bukan orang Sepanyol, yang menuntut banyak Amerika. Brazil Timur adalah titik jalan di Laluan Cape antara Eropah dan Asia. Semasa pemerintahan Portugis, beberapa bahagian Brazil membentuk koloni Belanda antara tahun 1630 dan 1654. Belanda mendirikan beberapa bandar, seperti Mauritsville, dan banyak ladang tebu. Belanda berperang dengan perang hutan yang mengerikan dengan Portugis, dan tanpa sokongan Republik tanah air mereka kerana perang dengan Inggeris, Belanda menyerah kepada Portugis, walaupun mereka tidak secara rasmi mengakui pemerintahan Portugis, yang menyebabkan semua- berperang dengan Portugal di luar pesisir Portugal pada tahun 1656. Pada tahun 1665 Perjanjian Damai di Den Haag ditandatangani, Portugal kehilangan tanah jajahannya di Asia dan terpaksa membayar 63 tan emas untuk memberi ganti rugi kepada Republik Belanda atas kehilangan jajahannya.

Brazil menjadi pusat Kerajaan Portugis pada tahun 1808, ketika Raja Dom João VI (John VI) melarikan diri dari pencerobohan Napoleon ke Portugal dan menubuhkan dirinya dan pemerintahannya di kota Rio de Janeiro.

Empat abad berikutnya menyaksikan eksploitasi berterusan sumber semula jadi negara seperti emas dan getah, di samping peningkatan ekonomi yang banyak berdasarkan kepada gula, kopi dan buruh hamba Afrika. Pengkristianan dan eksploitasi penduduk asli berterusan, dan abad ke-19 dan ke-20 menyaksikan gelombang kedua imigrasi, terutamanya Itali, Jerman (di selatan Brazil), Sepanyol, Jepun (Di Negeri São Paulo) dan Portugis, menambah sekumpulan faktor yang menjana budaya dan masyarakat Brazil yang kompleks dan unik hari ini.

Setelah tiga abad di bawah pemerintahan Portugal, Brazil menjadi negara merdeka pada 7 September 1822. Sehingga tahun 1889 Brazil adalah sebuah kerajaan di bawah pemerintahan Dom Pedro I dan anaknya Dom Pedro II. Pada masa ini, ia menjadi kekuatan antarabangsa yang baru muncul. Perhambaan, yang pada mulanya tersebar luas, dibatasi oleh perundangan berturut-turut sehingga penghapusan terakhirnya pada tahun 1888. Banyak faktor menyumbang kepada kejatuhan monarki dan kebangkitan nominal Republikanisme selepas itu, tetapi, pada hakikatnya, terdapat campur tangan ketenteraan di Brazil setelah kejatuhan empayar sehingga tahun 1894. Sejak itu, demokrasi di Brazil terganggu oleh rampasan kuasa dan pemerintahan diktator sehingga tahun 1985, ketika pemerintah sivil dan demokratik baru dipilih dan perlembagaan baru digubal dua tahun kemudian.

Sejauh ini, negara terbesar, paling ramai penduduk dan makmur di Amerika Latin, telah muncul dari lebih dari dua dekad (1964-1985) pemerintahan diktator tentera dalam pemerintahan negara itu untuk meneruskan pemerintahan demokratik, sambil menghadapi cabaran untuk meneruskan perindustrian dan pertumbuhan pertanian dan pengembangan kawasan pedalamannya. Mengeksploitasi sumber semula jadi yang luas, kawasan geografi yang sangat besar, dan kumpulan tenaga kerja yang besar, hari ini Brazil adalah kekuatan ekonomi terkemuka Amerika Latin dan pemimpin serantau, yang membayangi orang-orang seperti Mexico dan Argentina. Rasuah politik, seperti di kebanyakan Amerika Latin, dan halangan tinggi untuk memasuki pasaran termasuk buruh, tetap menjadi masalah yang mendesak. Akibatnya adalah kadar jenayah yang tinggi, terutama di bandar-bandar besar.

"Pasang merah jambu" dalam politik Amerika Latin telah membawa jurang ekonomi yang lebih besar di Brazil seperti di negara-negara lain, dengan kelas politik bertambah kaya dan jumlahnya sementara orang yang berpendidikan rendah dan tidak mempunyai kaitan politik mengalami halangan tinggi untuk memasuki pasaran buruh, pendidikan tinggi dan pasaran lain. Rasa tidak puas hati dengan pemerintah Brazil menjadi tunjuk perasaan terbuka semasa kejohanan bola sepak Piala Dunia 2014, dan sekali lagi semasa Olimpik Musim Panas 2016. Pasukan pemerintah telah mulai memaksa orang-orang dari rumah mereka secara paksa sebelum kejohanan dimulakan, dan tindak balas terhadap tunjuk perasaan itu kejam oleh kebanyakan akun. Beberapa penunjuk perasaan menunjukkan tidak masuk akal untuk membina stadium mahal di tempat yang jauh ketika orang tinggal di kawasan kumuh tanpa hak harta benda.

Ketidakpuasan yang meluas terhadap ekonomi menyebabkan pemilihan calon populis sayap kanan Jair Bolsonaro sebagai presiden pada tahun 2018. Bolsonaro telah berjanji untuk mengakhiri perlindungan alam sekitar dan mengembalikan hak pribumi dan minoriti sebagai pertukaran untuk meneruskan pembangunan ekonomi, walaupun bagaimana ini akan mempengaruhi negara rekod hak asasi manusia dan kehidupan rakyat Brazil biasa masih belum dapat dilihat.

Kerajaan dan politik

Brazil adalah sebuah republik persekutuan, yang menjadi model sistem presiden Amerika. Rakyat secara langsung memilih presiden yang merupakan ketua negara dan ketua kerajaan. Presiden dipilih untuk penggal empat tahun, dengan hak hanya untuk satu pemilihan semula.

Cabang perundangan adalah Kongres Nasional, sebuah parlimen bicameral yang terdiri daripada Senat Persekutuan dan Dewan Timbalan. Kedua-dua rumah dipilih secara langsung. Anggota senat dipilih setiap 4 tahun, dengan pembaharuan satu atau dua pertiga setiap 8 tahun. Anggota Dewan Wakil dipilih melalui perwakilan berkadar setiap negeri. Mahkamah Persekutuan Tertinggi, Mahkamah Tinggi dan Mahkamah Tinggi lainnya, Majlis Keadilan Nasional dan Mahkamah Persekutuan Daerah membentuk cabang kehakiman. Sistem politik mengikuti sistem pelbagai pihak. Parti politik utama di Brazil adalah Parti Pekerja, Gerakan Demokratik Brazil, Parti Demokrasi Sosial Brazil dan Demokrat.

Salah satu masalah utama dalam politik Brazil ialah rasuah. Klien, nepotisme, pilih kasih politik dan terlalu mahal dana awam adalah perkara biasa, walaupun ini perlahan-lahan menurun sejak penyiasatan Operasi Car Wash pada tahun 2014. Di samping itu, parti-parti politik di Brazil cenderung sangat berpecah belah.

Budaya

Oleh kerana dimensi benua Brazil, geografi, sejarah dan penduduk yang bervariasi, budaya negara ini kaya dan pelbagai. Ia memiliki beberapa variasi wilayah, dan walaupun sebagian besar disatukan oleh satu bahasa, beberapa wilayah sangat berbeda satu sama lain sehingga mereka sama seperti negara yang berbeda.

Muzik memainkan peranan penting dalam identiti Brazil. Gaya seperti choro, samba dan bossa nova dianggap asli Brazil. Caipira muzik juga ada di akar umbi sertanejo, setaraf dengan muzik negara. MPB bermaksud Muzik Popular Brazil, yang menggabungkan beberapa gaya kebangsaan dalam satu konsep. Forró, gaya muzik menari gembira di timur laut, juga menjadi umum di seluruh negara. Gaya bandar baru merangkumi funk - nama yang diberikan untuk genre muzik tarian dari Rio favelas yang menggabungkan rentak elektronik yang berat dan sering mengetuk - dan techno-brega, penonton yang ramai di negara-negara utara, yang menggabungkan pop romantis, muzik tarian dan irama Karibia.

Campuran dari seni mempertahankan diri, tarian, muzik dan permainan, capoeira dibawa ke Brazil oleh budak Afrika, terutama dari jajahan Portugis Angola. Dibezakan dengan pergerakan yang rumit dan muzik yang menyertainya, ia dapat dilihat dan dipraktikkan di banyak bandar di Brazil.

Dalam muzik klasik, Zaman Moden sangat terkenal, kerana karya komposer seperti Heitor Villa-Lobos dan Camargo Guarnieri, yang mencipta sekolah khas Brazil, mencampurkan unsur-unsur muzik klasik tradisional Eropah dengan irama Brazil, sementara komposer lain menyukai Cláudio Santoro mengikuti garis panduan Sekolah Kedua Vienna. Dalam Zaman Romantik, nama terbesar adalah Antonio Carlos Gomes, pengarang beberapa opera bergaya Itali dengan tema khas Brazil, seperti Il Guarany dan Lo Schiavo. Pada Zaman Klasik, nama yang paling menonjol adalah José Maurício Nunes Garcia, seorang imam yang menulis muzik suci dan sekular dan sangat dipengaruhi oleh gaya klasik Vienna pada abad ke-18 dan awal abad ke-19.

Lilin dan Umbanda adalah agama dengan akar Afrika yang bertahan dari prasangka dan penganiayaan dan masih mempunyai pengikut yang signifikan di Brazil. Tempat pemujaan mereka dipanggil terreiros dan banyak yang terbuka untuk dikunjungi.

Orang Asli sifat boleh didapati di mana-mana budaya Brazil, dari masakan hingga perbendaharaan kata. Masih banyak kumpulan dan suku pribumi yang tinggal di semua wilayah Brazil, walaupun banyak dipengaruhi oleh budaya Barat, dan beberapa bahasa asli yang masih hidup di negara ini berisiko hilang sepenuhnya. Gaya hidup tradisional dan ungkapan grafik kumpulan pribumi Wajãpi dari negeri Amapá diisytiharkan a Karya Warisan Tidak ketara Dunia oleh UNESCO. Sebilangan besar orang terakhir yang tidak terkontrol di dunia tinggal di kawasan hujan Amazon yang padat di Brazil.

Globo, rangkaian televisyen nasional terbesar, juga memainkan peranan penting dalam membentuk identiti nasional. Lima rangkaian TV utama Brazil yang lain adalah SBT (kedua terbesar), RecordTV, Band, RedeTV dan Cultura (rangkaian televisyen awam dan pendidikan). Terdapat juga banyak saluran TV tempatan atau serantau yang lain. Sebagai tambahan, orang Brazil semakin mendapat akses ke banyak saluran TV kabel atau satelit lain. Sembilan daripada sepuluh isi rumah mempunyai satu set TV, yang merupakan sumber maklumat dan hiburan terpenting bagi kebanyakan penduduk Brazil, diikuti dengan siaran radio. TV menyiarkan sukan, filem, berita tempatan dan nasional dan telenovelas (sinetron) - siri 6-10 bulan yang telah menjadi salah satu eksport budaya utama negara.

Orang ramai

Sepanjang sejarahnya, Brazil telah menyambut beberapa orang dan amalan yang berbeza. Brazil merupakan kumpulan pencetus kumpulan etnik yang paling pelbagai, yang dapat mengurangkan prasangka etnik dan konflik antara kaum, walaupun perbudakan yang lama dan bahkan pembunuhan beramai-ramai di kalangan penduduk pribumi telah mempengaruhi mereka. Prasangka pada umumnya lebih terarah kepada kelas sosial yang berlainan berbanding antara kaum. Walaupun begitu, bangsa, yang dilambangkan oleh warna kulit, masih menjadi faktor pemisah dalam masyarakat Brazil dan anda akan melihat kulit biasanya semakin gelap ketika kelas sosial semakin rendah: orang-orang kelas atas yang kaya kebanyakannya berkulit cerah; kebanyakan orang kelas menengah rata-rata adalah tan; dan majoriti orang miskin berkulit hitam. Namun, pada masa ini, penduduk Afro-Brazil dan Amerindian semakin menyedari hak sivil mereka dan warisan budaya mereka yang kaya, dan mereka dapat berharap dapat mencapai mobiliti sosial melalui pendidikan.

Secara amnya, orang Brazil adalah orang yang suka bersenang-senang. Walaupun orang selatan dianggap agak lebih sejuk dan lebih terpelihara, dari Rio ke utara orang dapat membanggakan sikap bersemangat dan menikmati waktu luang.

Persahabatan dan keramahan sangat dihargai di kalangan orang Brazil, dan hubungan keluarga dan interaksi sosial sangat dihargai. Bagi orang yang mereka temui, atau sekurang-kurangnya tahu dengan nama, orang Brazil biasanya sangat terbuka, ramah dan kadang-kadang cukup murah hati. Setelah diperkenalkan, hingga mendapat alasan yang baik untuk tidak, orang Brazil biasa dapat memperlakukan anda dengan mesra seperti dia akan memperlakukan sahabat. Orang Brazil dianggap sebagai salah satu orang yang paling ramah di dunia dan orang asing biasanya diperlakukan dengan hormat dan sering dengan kekaguman sejati. Oleh itu, pelancongan di Brazil, seperti di kebanyakan dunia, menunjukkan sisi kemanusiaan yang lebih gelap.

Sikap terhadap orang asing juga boleh dikenakan perbezaan wilayah:

• Keadaan Santa Catarina menyambut kedatangan pelancong berbahasa Sepanyol mereka dengan papan tanda dwibahasa dan jawatankuasa alu-aluan.
• Dalam Salvador, bandar terbesar di Timur Laut, sesiapa yang bercakap, berlagak atau kelihatan seperti pelancong (malah orang Brazil lain!) boleh dikenakan harga yang lebih tinggi, seperti di tempat letak kereta, di restoran, dll.

Sebilangan besar orang Brazil jujur ​​dan ramah, tetapi banyak yang terbiasa dengan tindakan rasuah kecil dalam kehidupan seharian mereka, yang disebut jeitinho brasileiro. Sekiranya anda jelas kelihatan seperti pelancong, anda adalah sasaran yang berpotensi; misalnya, vendor boleh cuba menjual barang dengan harga yang lebih tinggi, atau pemandu teksi boleh memilih jalan terpanjang ke destinasi. Ini tidak bermaksud bahawa anda tidak boleh mempercayai siapa pun, cuma anda harus lebih waspada dan berhati-hati, terutama jika seseorang nampaknya terlalu mesra.

Walaupun akar kebudayaan Brazil yang "Barat" sebagian besar berasal dari Eropah, terutama orang Iberia, seperti yang dibuktikan oleh bandar-bandar kolonial dan bangunan bersejarah sporadis antara pencakar langit yang baru, ada kecenderungan kuat untuk menerapkan "cara hidup Amerika" yang lebih banyak dijumpai dalam budaya dan seni bina bandar, media massa, kepenggunaan dan sikap positif terhadap kemajuan teknikal. Walaupun begitu, Brazil masih merupakan negara yang menghadapi Atlantik daripada Amerika Hispanik, dan golongan elit intelektual cenderung Eropah, terutamanya Perancis, sebagai sumber inspirasi, berbanding dengan KAMI. Banyak aspek dalam masyarakat Brazil, seperti sistem pendidikan, diilhamkan oleh orang Perancis, dan mungkin kelihatan aneh pada awalnya bagi pengunjung Amerika Utara.

Orang Brazil tidak sepanyol. Sebilangan mungkin tersinggung sekiranya pengunjung mengatakannya, atau percaya bahawa orang Brazil bertutur dalam bahasa Sepanyol sebagai bahasa utama. Pengunjung akan mendapat sambutan yang lebih hangat sekiranya mereka cuba memulakan perbualan dalam bahasa Portugis. Sekiranya pelawat itu berbahasa Sepanyol kepada orang Brazil, mereka cenderung menjawab dalam bahasa Portugis.

Perbezaan di negara besar ini sama mempesonakan dan mengejutkan kebanyakan pengunjung, terutamanya orang Eropah. Ketidakpedulian banyak penduduk tempatan terhadap masalah sosial, ekonomi dan ekologi dapat mengganggu pengunjung yang terbiasa menangani masalah ini di rumah. Walaupun golongan elit profesional yang berpendidikan tinggi dan kelas politik mengambil bahagian dalam kemudahan masyarakat moden, pekerja anak, buta huruf dan perumahan yang rendah diri masih ada walaupun di bandar-bandar yang diberkati oleh pertumbuhan ekonomi dan pelaburan asing yang besar seperti Sao Paulo atau Rio.

Sebanyak orang Brazil mengakui kelestarian diri mereka dalam bahan mentah, pertanian, dan sumber tenaga sebagai manfaat yang sangat besar untuk masa depan, kebanyakan dari mereka bersetuju bahawa tanpa perubahan besar dalam pendidikan dan akses kepada keusahawanan untuk semua, hampir tidak akan ada jalan keluar dari kemiskinan dan kemunduran.

Sejak awal abad ke-21, Brazil telah menghadapi gelombang imigrasi yang semakin meningkat dari China, Bolivia dan Haiti.

Iklim

Brazil adalah negara besar dengan zon iklim yang berbeza, walaupun kebanyakan negara berada di kawasan tropika. Di wilayah Amazon, dari Mato Grosso utara hingga Maranhão barat, terdapat iklim hutan hujan tropika, dengan hujan yang sangat kerap, suhu tinggi dan amplitud termal yang berkurang. Di Timur Laut, pantai sering kali hujan di musim sejuk.

Bahagian dalam Timur Laut Brazil mempunyai iklim separa gersang, di mana terdapat suhu yang sangat tinggi, hujan jarang dan kekeringan yang kerap. Kawasan tengah Brazil mempunyai iklim savana tropika, dengan musim sejuk yang sangat kering, tahap kelembapan rendah pada pertengahan tahun (di bawah 30%) dan musim panas yang panas dan hujan.

Di tenggara, pesisirnya panas dan lembap dan mengalami tindakan langsung dari massa tropika Atlantik, dengan hujan yang kerap pada musim panas. Di kawasan tertinggi di Tenggara, dengan ketinggian antara 500m dan 1000m atau lebih, terdapat suhu terendah di seluruh kawasan tropika, mencapai rata-rata lebih rendah daripada 18º C. Di selatan negeri São Paulo dan di tiga selatan di negara Brazil, iklimnya subtropis, dengan musim yang jelas dan hujan lebat sepanjang tahun. Musim panas sangat panas dan suhu purata 30º. Sudah musim sejuk, sangat sejuk, sering terdapat frosts dan suhu rendah, kadang-kadang kurang dari 0 ° C. Di banyak bandar dengan ketinggian lebih dari 1000m di Santa Catarina dan utara Serras Gaúchas wilayah Rio Grande do Sul, suhu lebih sejuk, malah berlaku salji.

Cuti dan waktu bekerja

Brazil memerhatikan 13 berikut cuti umum:

• Tahun Baru - 1 Januari
• Karnaval - Februari / Mac (boleh bergerak - 40 hari sebelum Paskah. Isnin dan Selasa adalah cuti sebenarnya, tetapi perayaan biasanya bermula pada hari Sabtu dan berlangsung hingga tengah hari Ash Rabu, apabila kedai dan perkhidmatan dibuka semula.)
• Jumaat yang baik - Mac / April (bergerak) dua hari sebelum Ahad Paskah
• Tiradentes - 21 April
• Hari Pekerja - 1 Mei
• Corpus Christi - Mei / Jun (boleh bergerak) enam puluh hari selepas Ahad Paskah
• Hari kemerdekaan - 7 September
• Hari Bunda Maria Aparecida (Penaung Saint Brazil) dan Hari Kanak-kanak - 12 Oktober
• Hari Orang Mati (Finados) - 2 November
• Hari Pengisytiharan Republik - 15 November
• Krismas - 25 Disember

Jam bekerja biasanya dari jam 08:00 atau 09:00 - 17:00 atau 18:00. Bank dibuka pada hari Isnin hingga Jumaat, dari jam 10: 00-16: 00. Kedai jalan cenderung ditutup pada tengah hari Sabtu dan dibuka semula pada hari Isnin. Pusat membeli-belah biasanya dibuka dari jam 10: 00-22: 00 atau 23:00, Isnin hingga Sabtu, dan dari jam 15: 00-21: 00 pada hari Ahad. Beberapa pusat membeli-belah, terutamanya di bandar-bandar besar, juga dibuka pada hari Ahad, walaupun mungkin tidak semua kedai terbuka. Ada juga kemungkinan untuk mencari kedai 24 jam dan pasar kecil yang dibuka pada hari Ahad.

Zon waktu

Brazil merangkumi empat zon waktu standard dari UTC-2 hingga UTC-5 (dalam istilah Brazil, "Brasilia masa -2 "hingga" Brasilia masa 1 ").

• Masa Brasilia 1 (UTC-2): Fernando de Noronha dan beberapa pulau kecil lain di Atlantik.
• Masa Brasilia (UTC-3): Tenggara, Selatan, Timur Laut, Goiás, Distrito Persekutuan, Tocantins, Pará, Amapá.
• Masa Brasilia -1 (UTC-4): Roraima, timur Amazonas, Rondônia, Mato Grosso dan Mato Grosso do Sul.
• Masa Brasilia -2 (UTC-5): Ekar dan barat Amazonas.

Sejak tahun 2019, waktu siang tidak lagi dapat dilihat di Brazil.

Masuk

Keperluan visa

• Brazil mempunyai dasar visa timbal balik dengan banyak negara, yang bermaksud bahawa apabila bayaran dan sekatan visa dikenakan untuk orang Brazil yang mengunjungi suatu negara, Brazil pada umumnya menerapkan langkah yang sama untuk pengunjung negara itu.
• Warganegara dari Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Paraguay, Peru, Uruguay dan Venezuela boleh memasuki negara ini dengan kad pengenalan yang sah dan dapat bertahan hingga 90 hari.
• Pada 2018, warga Kanada, Jepun, Australia, dan Amerika Syarikat boleh memohon visa pelancongan elektronik. Visa elektronik ini sah untuk beberapa penyertaan dalam tempoh dua tahun dan penginapan sehingga 90 hari dalam jangka masa satu tahun dan berharga US $ 45. Warganegara dari empat negara yang sama akan dapat memasuki Brazil tanpa visa sehingga 90 hari, berkuatkuasa pada 17 Jun 2019.
• Tidak diperlukan visa untuk penginapan sehingga 90 hari dari pemegang pasport dari negara-negara ini, kecuali dinyatakan sebaliknya: Andorra, Argentina, Austria, Bahamas, Barbados, Belarus, Belgia, Bolivia, Bulgaria, Chile, Kolombia, Kosta Rika, Kroasia, Republik Czech, Denmark, Ecuador, Finland, Perancis, Georgia, Jerman, Yunani, Guatemala, Guyana, Honduras, pasport SAR Hong Kong, Hungaria, Iceland, Ireland, Israel, Itali, Korea Selatan, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Macau, Malaysia, Malta, Mexico, Monaco, Maghribi, Namibia, Belanda, New Zealand, Norway, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Filipina, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Rusia, San Marino, Singapura (30 hari, pasport biasa sahaja), Slovakia, Slovenia, Afrika Selatan, Sepanyol, Suriname, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, Trinidad & Tobago, Tunisia, Turki, United Kingdom (Termasuk pemegang pasport Nasional Britain (Luar Negara)), Uruguay, Venezuela (60 hari) dan Vatican City. Pegawai imigresen berhak untuk menyekat visa anda kurang dari 90 hari, jika difikirkan sesuai. (Ini dilakukan secara rutin untuk pelancong lelaki tunggal yang tiba di Fortaleza, didakwa untuk memerangi pelancongan pelacuran.) Pegawai kemudian akan menyatakan bilangan hari (mis. 60 atau 30) dalam pena yang tertulis di dalam cap yang tertera di pasport anda; jika tidak, ia kekal sebagai 90 hari.

• Warganegara dari semua negara lain memang memerlukan visa. Bayarannya berbeza-beza bergantung pada timbal balik: sebagai contoh, warga AS harus membayar sekurang-kurangnya US $ 160 untuk visa pelancong dan US $ 220 untuk visa perniagaan. Kos visa Brazil untuk warganegara Taiwan atau pemegang pasport Taiwan membayar US $ 20 (Rujukan dari Kedutaan Brazil di Lima, Peru) dan 5 hari untuk diproses. Kebalikannya, bagaimanapun, juga sering berlaku untuk kesahan visa: Warganegara AS dapat diberikan visa yang berlaku hingga 10 tahun dan, juga, warga Kanada hingga 5 tahun.
• Visa pelancong (termasuk yang diberikan secara langsung dalam kawalan imigresen) boleh diperpanjang di mana-mana pejabat di Policia Persekutuan. Visa Pelancongan yang diberikan kepada warga Kawasan Schengen tidak dapat diperpanjang. Semua ibu negeri, dan kebanyakan bandar sempadan dan pelabuhan antarabangsa mempunyai satu. Visa pelancongan hanya akan diperpanjang sekali, selama maksimum 90 hari, dan dalam keadaan apa pun anda tidak boleh diberikan lebih dari 180 hari dengan visa pelancong untuk jangka masa 365 hari. Anda harus menghubungi polis persekutuan sekitar 1 minggu sebelum visa anda tamat. Bayaran pengendalian adalah R $ 67 (Okt 2008). Anda mungkin akan diminta untuk tiket keluar (buku dikembalikan sepenuhnya satu di internet, kemudian batalkan ketika visa anda diperpanjang), dan bukti sara hidup (yang kad kredit anda paling banyak diterima.) Untuk memohon perpanjangan, anda mesti mengisi Emissão da Guia de Recolhimento di laman web Polis Persekutuan, yang akan anda bawa ke Banco do Brasil untuk membayar yuran. Jangan membayar yuran sehingga anda telah berbincang dengan pegawai polis persekutuan mengenai kes anda. Sekiranya dia menolak perpanjangan visa anda, anda mesti mempunyai akaun bank di Brazil untuk menerima bayaran balik.
• Syarat untuk memasuki Brazil terlebih dahulu dalam masa 90 hari sejak dikeluarkannya visa sekarang hanya berlaku untuk warga negara Angola, Bahrain, Burma, Kemboja, Tanjung Verde, China, Cuba, Guinea Khatulistiwa, Gabon, Ghana, Yunani, Honduras, Indonesia, Jepun , Jordan, Korea, Kuwait, Laos, Libya, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Paraguay, Filipina, Portugal, Qatar, Syria, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, dan Tunisia. Kegagalan memasuki Brazil dalam 90 hari akan membatalkan visa, tidak kira berapa lama ia sah.

Setem masuk dan keluar Sejurus selepas pasport anda dicop oleh Polis Persekutuan Brazil, pastikan nombor terakhir di hujung kanan ialah 1. Nombor 1 menunjukkan bahawa anda memasuki negara ini dan nombor 2 menunjukkan bahawa anda keluar. Sebilangan pegawai polis persekutuan secara keliru memberikan cap nombor 2 orang asing semasa memasuki. Sekiranya anda mempunyai cap nombor 2 dan cuba memanjangkan visa di bandar yang bukan pelabuhan masuk anda, anda akan diberitahu untuk kembali ke bandar di mana anda menerima cap yang salah sehingga dapat diperbaiki sebelum anda dapat menerima sambungan.

• Berdasarkan undang-undang, anda diminta untuk menunjukkan tiket keluar semasa masuk, tetapi ini hanya dikuatkuasakan dalam kes-kes yang luar biasa. Walaupun anda ditanya, anda sering tidak dapat menjelaskan bahawa anda menaiki bas ke Argentina, dan tidak dapat membeli tiket di Eropah.
• Sekiranya melebihi visa pelancong anda, anda akan didenda R $ 8.28 sehari (sehingga Oktober 2007), maksimum 100 hari. Ini bermakna bahawa walaupun anda tinggal secara haram selama 5 tahun, denda tidak akan melebihi R $ 828. Anda akan diminta membayar ini di persimpangan sempadan. Oleh kerana ini memerlukan masa, adalah bijaksana untuk melakukannya beberapa hari di hadapan pejabat polis persekutuan, terutamanya jika anda mempunyai sambungan penerbangan domestik ke antarabangsa. Polis persekutuan akan memberi anda 8 hari untuk keluar dari negara ini. Sekiranya anda tidak membayar denda semasa keluar, anda perlu membayar pada kali berikutnya anda masuk. Fakta bahawa anda telah didenda untuk tinggal lebih lama di masa lalu biasanya tidak menyiratkan kesukaran masa depan dengan imigrasi, tetapi lebih baik anda menyimpan semua resit dan pasport lama untuk rujukan.
• Sekiranya anda ingin memasuki / keluar dari negara ini dengan alasan tertentu tanpa menghubungi pihak berkuasa imigresen, terdapat banyak bandar sempadan yang hampir tidak mempunyai kawalan. Anda mungkin akan diberitahu oleh polis tempatan (yang tidak mempunyai setem atau daftar komputer untuk imigresen) untuk menghubungi polis persekutuan di bandar berdekatan itu.
• Semasa anda melakukan perjalanan dari kawasan tropika tertentu ke Brazil, anda memerlukan vaksinasi demam kuning dan sijil yang menunjukkan bahawa anda mempunyai ini. Ia tidak sah untuk membawa haiwan, daging, tenusu, biji, tanaman, telur, madu, buah, atau apa saja jenis makanan yang tidak diproses tanpa izin. Hubungi [[email protected]] untuk maklumat lebih lanjut.

Dengan kapal terbang

Tambang termurah adalah dari Februari (selepas Carnaval) hingga Mei dan dari Ogos hingga November. Tiket dari New York, misalnya, boleh berharga sedikit sebanyak US $ 699 termasuk cukai. Banyak penerbangan yang tidak dilanggan dalam Brazil dapat memperoleh harga murah.

Sejauh ini, lapangan terbang antarabangsa terbesar di Brazil adalah Lapangan Terbang Antarabangsa São Paulo-Guarulhos (GRU ^IATA, hub dari Syarikat Penerbangan LATAM, syarikat penerbangan terbesar di Brazil, yang mempunyai penerbangan terus ke banyak ibu kota di Amerika Selatan. Penerbangan langsung lain termasuk:

Amerika Utara: Bandar New York, Chicago, Detroit, Los Angeles, Miami, Orlando, Atlanta, Charlotte, Houston, Dallas, Washington DC. dan Toronto.

Eropah: Lisbon dan Porto oleh TAP, Madrid by Iberia, Air Europa, LATAM and Air China, Barcelona by Singapore Airlines, Amsterdam dan Paris by KLM, Air France and LATAM, London by British Airways and LATAM, Frankfurt by Lufthansa and LATAM, Munich by Lufthansa, Zurich by Swiss, Rome by Alitalia, Milan by LATAM, Istanbul by Turkish Airlines.

Asia: Seoul by Korean Air (via LAX), Doha by Qatar Airways, Abu Dhabi by Etihad, Dubai by Emirates, Singapura by Singapore Airlines (via BCN), and Beijing by Air China (via MAD).

Africa: Luanda by TAAG, Johannesburg by SAA, Addis Ababa by Ethiopian.

The second largest airport in Brazil is Rio de Janeiro-Galeão International Airport, (GIG ^IATA) the home of Gol Transportes Aéreos, which flies to many regional destinations including Montevideo, Buenos Aires dan Asuncion. Other direct flights include:North America: Delta Air Lines flies to Atlanta, and New York, United Airlines to Washington, D.C., and Houston and American Airlines flies to Charlotte, Miami, Dallas dan Bandar New York.Africa: Taag Angola to Luanda about 3 times a week.Europe: Paris by Air France, Rome by Alitalia, London by British Airways, Madrid by Iberia, Amsterdam by KLM, Frankfurt by Lufthansa, Lisbon dan Porto by TAP Portugal.

The Northeastern capitals have slightly shorter flying times to Europe and North America:

Natal (NAT ^IATA): Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP, Amsterdam by Arkefly.

Recife (REC ^IATA): Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP, Miami by American Airlines and Frankfurt by Condor.

Salvador (SSA ^IATA): Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP, Madrid by Air Europa, Frankfurt by Condor, and Miami by American Airlines.

FortalezaFOR ^IATA) : Direct flights to Lisbon by TAP and Cabo Verde by TACV.

In addition to the above, TAP flies directly to Brasilia (BSB ^IATA), Belo Horizonte (CNF ^IATA), Campinas (VCP ^IATA), and Porto Alegre (POA ^IATA).TAP Portugal is the foreign airline with most destinations in Brazil, from Lisbon dan Porto, and provides extensive connection onwards to Europe and Africa.

Air travel in Brazil has increased exponentially in the past few years, partly as a result of the poor condition of many Brazilian roads and the absence of any viable railway network (cf India). It is still relatively inexpensive with bargains sometimes available and easily the best option for long distance travel within the country. Some major airports, particularly those in São Paulo and Rio, are, however, becoming very congested.

Dengan kereta

The main border crossings are at:

• dengan Uruguay: Chuy/Chuí, Bella Unión/Barra do Quaraí, Artigas/Quaraí, Aceguá/Aceguá, Río Branco/Jaguarão, and between Rivera/Santana do Livramento
• dengan Argentina: Paso de los Libres/Uruguaiana, Santo Tomé/São Borja, Bernardo de Irigoyen/Dionísio Cerqueira, Tobuna/Paraíso (Santa Catarina), Comandante Andresito/Capanema, and between Puerto Iguazu/Foz do Iguaçu
• dengan Paraguay: Ciudad del Este/Foz do Iguaçu, Salto del Guaira/Guaíra, and between Pedro Juan Caballero/Ponta Porã
• dengan Bolivia: Puerto Suarez/Corumbá, Cobija/Brasileia/Epitaciolandia dan San Matías/Cáceres
• dengan Peru: Iñapari/Assis Brasil
• dengan Colombia: Letícia/Tabatinga No road connections on either side of the border.
• dengan Guyana: Lethem/Bonfim

In certain border towns, notably Foz do Iguaçu/Ciudad del Este/Puerto Iguazu, you do not need entry/exit stamps or other formalities for a daytrip into the neighbouring country. These same towns are good venues if you for some reason want to cross without contact with immigration authorities.

Dengan bas

Long-distance bus service connects Brazil to its neighboring countries. The main capitals linked directly by bus are Buenos Aires, Asunción, Montevideo, Santiago de Chile, and Lima. Direct connections from the first three can also be found easily, but from Lima it might be tricky, though easily accomplished by changing at one of the others. Those typically go to São Paulo, though Pelotas has good connections too. It should be kept in mind that distances between Sāo Paulo and any foreign capitals are significant, and journeys on the road may take up to 3 days, depending on the distance and accessibility of the destination. The national land transport authority has listings^{[pautan mati]} on all operating international bus lines, and the Green Toad Bus offers bus passes between Brazil and neighbouring countries as well as around Brazil itself.

Dengan bot

Amazon river boats connect northern Brazil with Peru, Venezuela and Colombia. The ride is a gruelling 12 days upriver though.

From French Guiana, you can cross the river Oyapoque, which takes about 15 minutes.

From the city of Guayaramerín, in Bolivia, you can cross the Mamoré river for the city of Guajará-Mirim, in Rondônia. The crossing last about 5 to 10 minutes.

Dengan kereta api

Train service within Brazil is almost nonexistent. However, there are exceptions to the rule, including the Trem da Morte, or Death Train, which goes from Santa Cruz, Bolivia, to a small town just over the border from Corumbá in the State of Mato Grosso do Sul. There is still a train line from there all the way to São Paulo which is not in use, but bus connections to São Paulo via the state capital, Campo Grande, are plentiful. The journey is reputedly replete with robbers who might steal your backpack or its contents but security has been increased and the journey can be made without much difficulty. It goes through the Bolivian agricultural belt and along the journey one may see a technologically-averse religious community which resembles the USA's Amish in many ways.

Keliling

Dengan kapal terbang

Brazil Air Pass If you intend to visit various cities within Brazil, you should consider getting a Brazil Air Pass, offered by LATAM or Gol— you purchase between 4 and 9 flight tickets which can be used at any time for any destination within Brazil served by the airline. A typical 4-ticket pass starts at around US $580 while a full 9 tickets will run around US $1150. In addition, Gol also offers a cheaper flight pass good for travel only within the Northeast of the country. These passes can only be obtained before arrival in the country, and you must prove that you have already purchased international return trip tickets or tickets for onward travel.

Air service covers most of Brazil. Many flights make many stops en route, particularly in hubs as São Paulo or Brasilia. Most all airports with regular passenger traffic are operated by the federal.Infraero. They have a very convenient website, with an English version. It lists all the airlines operating at each airport, and also has updated flight schedules.

There are now several Brazilian booking engines that are good (although not perfect) for comparing flights and prices between different companies. They will mostly include an extra fee, hence it is cheaper to book on the airline's own site.

The Brazilian airline scene changes surprisingly often. The largest Brazilian carriers are LATAM, Gol dan Azul. VoePass has short-haul flights to smaller airports throughout the country. There are also regional companies.

Booking on the domestic carriers' sites can be frustrating for non-Brazilian citizens. Often, you will be asked for your CPF (national identity number) while paying by credit card. Even if you -as a foreigner- have a CPF, the sites will often not recognize it. Gol now accepts international cards, but the system is buggy (Oct 2010). One trick that might work is to visit one of the airlines' foreign websites, although prices may vary. Many flights can also be found on foreign booking engines where no CPF is needed. If you book weeks in advance, most carriers will give you the option to pay by bank deposit (boleto bancário), which is actually payable by cash not only in banks, but also in a number of supermarkets, pharmacies and other stores. Buying a ticket at a travel agent is generally R$30 more expensive, noting that certain special offers can only be found online.

Many domestic flights have so many stops that some, including yours, may be missing from the listings in the airports. Double check your flight number and confirm with ground staff.

Certain domestic flights in Brazil are "international", meaning that the flight has arrived from abroad and is continuing without clearing all passengers through customs and immigration. This means ALL passengers must do this at the next stop, even those having boarded in Brazil. Do NOT fill out a new immigration form, but show what you were given upon actual arrival to Brazil.

Dengan kereta

Lihat juga: Driving in Brazil

Brazil has the largest road network in Latin America with over 1.6 million kilometres. A car is a good idea if you want to explore scenic areas, e.g. the historic cities of Minas Gerais, the Rio-Santos highway, or the beaches in North-East Brazil. There are the usual car rental companies at the airports.Many roads are in good condition, especially in the east and south of the country and along the coast. In other areas and outside the metropolitan regions there are also gravel and dirt roads for which an off-road vehicle can be strongly recommended. This especially applies to the Amazon area where many roads are difficult or not at all passable during the rainy season from November to March. This is why it is advisable to travel with a good map and to be well informed about distances, road conditions and the estimated travel time. Road maps of the brand Guia Quatro Rodas was available in the most newsstands in Brazil until 2015, but they ceased to be published from that year. Cochera andina^{[pautan mati]} publishes useful information on almost 300 routes in the country. In theory, the driving rules of Brazil resemble those of Western Europe or North America. In practice, driving in Brazil can be quite scary if you are used to European (even Mediterranean) or North American road culture, due to widespread violations of driving rules, and the toleration thereof.

Distances kept to other vehicles are kept at a bare minimum, overtaking whenever close to possible, and changing lanes without much of a prior signal. Many large cities also suffer from hold-ups when you wait at a red light in the night. Even if there is no risk of robbery, many drivers (including of city buses) run red lights or stop signs at night when they do not see incoming traffic from the cross street. Drivers also indulge in "creative" methods of saving time, such as using the reverse direction lanes. In rural areas, many domestic animals are left at the roadside, and they sometimes wanders into the traffic. Pedestrians take enormous chances crossing the road, since many drivers do not bother to slow down if they see pedestrians crossing. The quality of the paving is very varied, and the presence of enormous potholes is something that strongly discourages night-driving. Also consider the risk of highway hold-ups after dark, not to mention truck drivers on amphetamines (to keep awake for days in a row).

• In Brazil cars are driven on the right hand side of the road.
• A flashing left signal means that the car ahead is warning you not to pass, for some reason. If the car ahead of you wants to show you that it is safe to pass it will flash the right signal. The right signal is the same signal to indicate that you're going to stop on the side of the road, so it means you're going to slow down. On the other hand the left signal is the same signal to indicate you're going to pass the car ahead, meaning you're going to speed up.
• Flashing, twinkling headlights from the cars coming on the opposite side of the road means caution on the road ahead. Most of the time, it indicates that there are animals, cops or speed radar ahead.
• Keep the doors locked when driving, especially in the larger cities, as robberies at stop signs and red lights are quite common in some areas. You'll make it much easier for the robber if he can simply open up the door and sit down. Be equally careful with keeping your windows wide open, as someone might put their hands inside your car and steal a wallet, for instance. Leave your handbags and valuables out of sight.

Dengan basikal

In smaller cities and towns the bicycle is a common means of transport. This does not mean that cyclists are usually respected by cars, trucks, or bus drivers. But you may find good roads with little traffic outside the cities. It is also easy to get a lift by a pickup or to have the bike transported by a long-distance bus.Cycling path are virtually non-existent in cities, except along certain beachfronts, such as Rio de Janeiro dan Recife.

There are bicyclers groups around the country, e.g. Sampa Bikers dalam São Paulo which meets weekly.

Dengan kereta api

Brazil's railway system was mostly wrecked during the military regimes. Today, few interstate passenger lines remain after the dismantling and scrapping of rail transport in Brazil. However, there are several urban or short-distance tourist lines between municipalities in the same state, mainly in the southern and southeastern states.

• From Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais to Vitória, Espírito Santo - Daily trains operated by Vale leave Belo Horizonte at 07:30 and Cariacica (10 km of Vitória), at 07:00. Travel time is about 12½ hours. Seats are limited and it is not possible to reserve, so it is advisable to buy in advance at the Vale's website. The railway is the second longest passenger line of Brazil, almost 700 km long.
• From São Luis, Maranhão to Parauapebas, Pará - interesting because part of it passes through the Amazon rainforest and it's the longest passenger railway of Brazil, almost 900 km long. It is operated by Vale. The train leaves São Luís at 08:00 on Mondays, Thursdays and Saturdays. From Paraopebas, the train leaves at 06:00 on Tuesdays, Fridays and Sundays. 15 hours of travel.

By inter-city bus

Long-distance buses are a convenient, economical, and sometimes (usually if you buy the most expensive ticket), rather comfortable way to travel between regions. The bus terminal (rodoviária) in cities play a role akin to train stations in many countries. You should check travel distance and time while traveling within Brazil; going from Rio de Janeiro to the south region could take more than 24 hours, so it may be worth going by plane if you can afford it.

Brazil has a very good long distance bus network. Basically, any city of more than 100,000 people will have direct lines to the nearest few state capitals, and also to other large cities within the same range. Pretty much any little settlement has public transport of some kind (a lorry, perhaps) to the nearest real bus station.

Mostly you have to go to the bus station to buy a ticket, although most major bus companies make reservations and sell tickets by internet with the requirement that you pick up your ticket sometime in advance. In a few cities you can also buy a ticket on the phone and have it delivered to your hotel for an extra charge of some 3-5 reais. Some companies have also adopted the airlines' genius policy of pricing: In a few cases buying early can save you more than 50%. The facility of flagging a bus and hopping on (if there are no available seats you will have to stand, still paying full price) is widespread in the country. This is less likely to work along a few routes where armed robberies have happened frequently, such as those leading to the border with Paraguay and to Foz do Iguaçu.

No bus company serves the whole country, so you mist identify the company that connect two cities by calling the bus station of one city. Some big cities like São Paulo and Rio have more than one bus station, each one covering certain cities around. It is good to check in advance to which bus station you are going.

Busca Ônibus is a useful resource for finding bus schedules.

Bus services are often sold in three classes: Regular, Executive and First-Class (Leito, in Portuguese). Regular may or may not have air conditioning. For long distances or overnight travels, Executive offers more space and a folding board to support your legs. First-Class has even more space and only three seats per row, making enough space to sleep comfortably.

All trips of more than 4 hours are covered by buses with bathrooms and the buses stop for food/bathrooms at least once every 4 hours of travel.

Brazilian bus stations, known as rodoviária atau terminal rodoviário, tend to be located away from city centers. They are often in pretty sketchy areas, so if you travel at night be prepared to take a taxi to/from the station. There will also be local bus lines.

Even if you have a valid ticket bought from elsewhere, some Brazilian bus stations may also require a boarding card. This can be obtained from the bus company, often for a supplement fee. If you buy a ticket in the departure bus station you will also be given this boarding card.

Rodoviárias include many services, including fast-food restaurants, cafés, Internet cafés, toilets and left luggage. As a general rule, the larger the city, the more expensive the services (e.g. leaving a suitcase as left luggage in a smaller city may cost R$1, but in Recife in might cost you R$5).

When buying tickets, as well as when boarding the bus, you may be asked for proof of ID. Brazilian federal law requires this for interstate transportation. Not all conductors know how to read foreign passports, so be prepared to show them that the name of the passport truly is the same as the name on the ticket.

By ride sharing

Intercity buses are rather expensive in Brazil, compared to Paraguay or even Bolivia. However, many people offer shared rides between many popular destinations. The most notable website for finding rides is BlaBlaCar, which also has a rating system for drivers, making the trip very secure, especially for Brazilian standards. This way, you can easily bring down your transport costs by 40-50%. Costs are about R$20 per 100 km.

Also, it can be considerably faster, without unnecessary stops at restaurants and such. The BlaBlaCar website is free, and you only pay the driver directly. But they will almost certainly charge in the future like they do for other countries as well. But until the taxation status of such services (including Uber) is settled by the government, the free system will not change.

Do not underestimate the desire of Brazilians to discuss and talk about each and everything, and to give their opinions about even the most remote nonsense. This can be highly stressful if you got a different temperament, prefer a quiet drive and just want to reach your destination.

By city bus

Most cities have extensive bus services. Multiple companies may serve a single city. There is almost never a map of the bus lines, and often bus stops are unmarked. Be prepared for confusion and wasted time. Google Maps includes some services.

Buses have a board behind the windshield that advertises the main destinations they serve. You may have to ask the locals for information, but they may not know bus lines except the ones they usually take.

In most cities you have to wave to stop the bus when you want to take it. This in itself would not pose a problem; however, in big cities there may be dozens of bus lines stopping at a given bus stop and bus stops are not designed to accommodate so many vehicles. Frequently one cannot observe the oncoming buses due to other buses blocking the view. Bus drivers are reluctant to slow down for a bus stop if they are not sure someone will take their bus, so it is common to miss your bus because you could not see it coming to wave on time or the driver did not see you waving in between buses already at the stop. Some people go into the middle of a busy street to wait for their bus to make sure they see it and the driver sees them. In some places, like Manaus, drivers even tend to ignore stop requests (both to get on and to get off) if it is not too easy to navigate to the bus stop.

Most city buses have both a driver and a conductor. The conductor sits behind a till next to a turnstile. You have to pay the conductor; the price of the bus is usually advertised on the windshield. The turnstiles are narrow, and very inconvenient if one carries any kind of load (try balancing a heavy backpack over the turnstile while the bus is running). Larger buses often have a front section, before the turnstile, meant in priority for the elderly, handicapped and pregnant women - you can use it but you still have to pay! Typical prices are around R$3.

You can try asking the conductor to warn you when the bus is close to your destination. Depending on whether he or she understands you and feels like helping you, you may get help.

In addition to large city buses, there are often minibuses or minivans (alternativo). You pay the driver when you go aboard.

Dengan bot

In northern Brazil, it is possible to travel many distances by boat. In fact, the boat is the main and most accessible means of transport to get around the Amazon, since the Amazon Forest is cut by many rivers and some cities are inaccessible by road. The best boat services in the country are in the Amazon, where you can ride on speedboats and comfortable yachts or small wooden boats. The main navigable rivers are the Amazon River, the Araguaia River, the Xingu River and the Tapajós River. It is necessary to know the geography of the region, as in some places waterfalls are formed.

By e-hailing

Brazil has availability of some e-hailing services, Uber being the largest of them. Notable e-hailing services in Brazil, are:

• Uber. (dikemas kini Jul 2020)
• 99Pop. If the app is not available in your Google Play store, you can download it di sini. (dikemas kini Jul 2020)
• Cabify. (dikemas kini Jul 2020)

Talk

Lihat juga: Brazilian Portuguese phrasebook

Non-verbal communication Brazilians use a lot of gestures in informal communication, and the meaning of certain words or expressions may be influenced by them. The thumbs up gesture is used to mean everything's OK, yes or even thanks. Avoid using the OK hand gesture for these meanings, as it can be considered obscene. Wagging your extended index finger back and forth and/or clicking your tongue behind your teeth two or three times means no Using your index finger to pull down one of your lower eyelids means watch out. Stroking your two biggest fingers with your thumb is a way of saying that something is expensive. Snapping a few times means fast atau a long time (ago). Stroking your lips and then snapping means delicious; pinching your earlobe means the same in some regions. Making a fist with your thumb between the index and middle finger, known as the figa, is a sign of good or bad luck depending on the region. Touching the palm with the thumb and making a circular movement with the hand means I am being robbed/ripped off/ in some regions. The hush gesture is considered extremely impolite, about the same as shouting "shut up!" to someone. An informal way to get someone's attention, similar to a whistle, is a hissing sound: "pssiu!" It is not perceived as unpolite, but gets really annoying if repeated too often.

The official language of Brazil is Portuguese, spoken by the entire population (except for a few, very remotely located tribes). Indeed, Brazil has had immigrants from all parts of the world for centuries, whose descendants now speak Portuguese as their mother tongue.

If somebody talks to you in Portuguese, you can simply say "Só falo inglês". It means "I only speak English".

Brazilian Portuguese has a number of pronunciation differences with that spoken in Portugal (and within, between the regions there are some quite extreme accent and slang differences), but speakers of either can understand each other. However, European Portuguese is more difficult for Brazilians to understand than the reverse, as many Brazilian television programs are shown in Portugal. A few words can have a totally different meaning in Brazil and Portugal, usually slang words. Examples of these are "rapariga", which in Portugal means girl, and in Brazil means a prostitute, and "bicha", which in Portugal refers to a line of people, but in Brazil is a derogatory way of referring to a gay person.

English is not widely spoken except in some touristy areas and major hotels. Don't expect bus or taxi drivers to understand English, so it may be a good idea to write down the address you are heading to before getting the cab. In most big and luxurious hotels, it is very likely that some taxi drivers will speak some English. There are many reasons why many Brazilians cannot speak English, but to simplify: there isn't really the "culture" to know foreign languages in Brazil, all foreign films and TV shows are dubbed in Portuguese and at school teachers focus only on grammar rather than actually practicing the language. Most people above 30 never studied English at school and they are very unlikely to know a single word in English. Younger people are more likely to speak English, although with a strong accent. They, generally, have a higher knowledge of the language and will be eager to help you and practice their English.

Spanish speakers are usually able to get by in Brazil, especially towards the south, due to the proximity of the states of that region to Uruguay and Argentina and due to the tourists from those countries who visit the states of that region. While written Portuguese can be quite similar to Spanish, spoken Portuguese differs considerably and is much harder to understand. Compare the number 20 which is veinte (BAYN-teh) in Spanish to vinte (VEEN-chee) in Brazilian Portuguese. Even more different is gente (people), pronounced "HEN-teh" in Spanish and "ZHEN-chee" in Brazilian Portuguese. Letters CH, D, G, J, R, RR, and T are particularly difficult for Spanish speakers to understand, and that's without even considering the vowels. Often confusing to Spanish, even English speakers, is the pronunciation of the letter "R" in the beginning of most words. Common first names such as Roberto, Ronaldo and Rolando are not pronounced as you would think: the "R" is pronounced as "H". Thus you would say Hoberto, Honaldo and Holando. If you address Ronaldo with a perfect Spanish pronunciation, he most likely will look at you in confusion and wonder what or who you are speaking to.

Other minority languages ​​are spoken in some parts of Brazil. In the Amazon, several indigenous languages ​​are still spoken, mainly Nheengatu, Tukano and Baniwa, which has co-official status in the municipality of São Gabriel da Cachoeira, in Amazonas. In the south, in cities that have received German and Italian immigrants, these languages ​​and their dialects are also spoken by a small portion of the population, as in Pomerode, Santa Catarina, which has German and the Pomeranian dialect with co-official status and in Serafina Corrêa and Caxias do Sul, municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul, where the co-official language is Talian, a dialect of the Venetian language spoken in northern Italy. Due to immigration, it is becoming more common in some cities to find speakers of other foreign languages, such as Italian,Japanese, Mandarin Chinese, Korean,Arabic,Polish, Ukrainian, French dan Haitian Creole.

The primary language of the Brazilian deaf community is Brazilian Sign Language (BSL), known locally as LIBRAS. When an interpreter is present in public, he or she will use BSL. It is influenced by French Sign Language (LSF) and also uses a one-handed manual alphabet very similar to that of LSF. Users of British Sign Language, Auslan, or New Zealand Sign Language, however, will have great difficulty understanding it. Those languages ​​differ markedly in vocabulary and syntax from LSF, and also use a two-handed manual alphabet.

Virtually all movies, in addition to foreign shows broadcast on Brazilian TV channels are dubbed into Portuguese. However, some pay TV channels have dual-audio (original audio with subtitles as an option available to be turned on by the user). If you want to watch the latest movies in English, not dubbed into Portuguese, you may be able to see them in some theaters in the capitals and biggest cities. Look for the Portuguese word "Legendado" (original with subtitles). You are unlikely to find films shown in their original language without subtitles.

Lihat

Natural wonders

• Amazon Rainforest - The Amazon River Basin holds more than half of the world's remaining rainforest, and over 60% of that lies within the North of Brazil — approximately one billion acres with incredible biodiversity. The region is home to about 2.5 million insect species, over 40,000 plants species, 2,200 fish species, and more than 2,000 types of birds and mammals. One in five of all the bird species in the world live in the rainforests of the Amazon, and one in five of the fish species live in Amazonian rivers and streams.
• Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica) - A region of tropical and subtropical forest which extends along the Atlantic coast of Brazil from Rio Grande do Norte state in the Northeast ke Rio Grande do Sul state in the South. The Atlantic Forest has a wide variety of vegetation, including the many tree species such as the iconic araucaria tree in the south or the mangroves of the northeast, dozens of types of bromeliads and orchids, and unique critters such as capivara. The forest has also been designated a World Biosphere Reserve, with a large number of highly endangered species including the well-known marmosets, lion tamarins and woolly spider monkeys. Unfortunately, it has been extensively cleared since colonial times, mainly for the farming of sugar cane and for urban settlements — The remnants are estimated to be less than 10% of the original, and that is often broken into hilltop islands. However, large swaths of it are protected by hundreds of parks, including 131 federal parks, 443 state parks, and 14 municipal parks, most of which are open to visitation.
• The Pantanal - A vast tropical wetland expanse, one of the world's largest. 80% of it lies within the state of Mato Grosso do Sul but it also extends into Mato Grosso (as well as into portions of Bolivia dan Paraguay), sprawling over an area estimated at between 140,000 and 195,000 square kilometers (54,000-75,000 sq mi). 80% of the Pantanal floodplains are submerged during the rainy seasons, nurturing an astonishing biologically diverse collection of aquatic plants and helping support a dense array of animal species.
• Waterfalls (Cachoeiras) - Brazil has an amazing range of impressive waterfalls of all sizes and shapes. Iguaçu Falls, in eastern Parana, is one of the most spectacular waterfalls in the world, truly a sight to see. The 353-meter Cachoeira da Fumaça dalam Bahias Chapada Diamantina National Park is the country's second highest waterfall, after the Amazon's almost inaccessible Cachoeira do Araca. Other famous waterfalls include Caracol Falls, in a Rio Grande do Sul state park of the same name near Canela, Itaquira Falls, an easily accessible 168-meter fall near Formosa, Goiás, and the gorge at Parque da Cascata near Sete Lagoas, Minas Gerais. Aside from the nationally famous falls, in many parts of the country, particularly the South, Southeast, and Central West regions, you are rarely far from at least one locally-famous, named waterfall worth a short hike.

Architecture

• Colonial architecture - Many cities have reminders of Brazil's colonial past, with churches, monasteries, forts, barracks, and other structures still intact. Some of the most concentrated and best-preserved colonial buildings can be found in old gold-mining towns such as Ouro Preto dan Tiradentes, but many other cities such as Rio de Janeiro, Petrópolis, Salvador, Paraty, and Goiânia have quite significant colonial centers as well.
• Oscar Niemeyer works - Niemeyer, Brazil's most famous architect, is a modern architectural pioneer who explores the aesthetic impact of reinforced concrete, using curves to create buildings with a unique sense of space. He is most famous for designing many of the buildings when the new capital of Brasilia was built in the 1950s, but his works literally dot the country, with major works in Natal, João Pessoa, Belo Horizonte, Rio de Janeiro, Niterói, São Paulo, Londrina and other locations.

Adakah

Gay travel

Due to its high degree of acceptance and tolerance, gay travel is increasingly popular. Brazil hosted the first gay ball in America in 1754! Nowadays the main lesbian and gay destinations are Rio de Janeiro, which was elected the world's sexiest destination twice, São Paulo, which has the world's largest Pride Parade, Florianópolis, which is the hippest gay hangout and Recife which is attracting more and more lesbian and gay tourists looking for fun and sun. However, caution should still be observed especially in areas outside of major cities, where Brazil remains culturally conservative and deeply Catholic.

Carnaval

The biggest party in the world takes places across the country every year, lasting almost a week in February or early March. It is celebrated in a wide variety of ways, from the giants boneco masks of Olinda dan juga trios elétricos daripada Salvador to the massive samba parades of Rio de Janeiro dan São Paulo. For a relatively more subdued atmosphere, check out the university-style street party of Ouro Preto or the sporty beach party at Ilha do Mel. Don't forget to make your reservations well in advance!

Pantai

Almost the entire coast is lined with fabulous beaches, and the beach lifestyle is a big part of Brazilian culture. Nowhere is that more true than in Rio de Janeiro, with its laidback, flip-flop-footed lifestyle and famous beaches like Ipanema and Copacabana. Beaches in other areas of the country may not have the instant name recognition but are no less amazing. The Northeast has jewels like Jericoacoara, Praia do Futuro, Boa Vista, Porto de Galinhas, and Morro de São Paulo which bring in throngs of travellers, particularly Europeans. Landlocked mineiros go mingle with the rich and famous at Guarapari or dance forró in the sand at Itaunas, while paulistas head for Caraguá atau Ubatuba. Di dalam South, weekend revelers flock to Ilha do Mel atau Balneário Camboriú, while the 42 beaches of Santa Catarina Island draw in thousands of Argentianian tourists every year. Hundreds more beaches lie ready to be explored as well. Don't forget those nude beaches in Rio and São Paulo!

Sukan

Football

Football (soccer) is the talk of the town wherever your are in Brazil, and the country is brimming with great teams and great players. It is often said that football is not just a sport, but the national religion. While Rio de Janeiro's world-famous Maracanã stadium is under renovation, you can still catch a game at lots of other great venues like the Mineirão dalam Belo Horizonte atau Morumbi Stadium dalam São Paulo. The men's national team has won the World Cup a record 5 times, and they have a particularly charged rivalry with their neighbours Argentina.

Brazil's top professional men's league is the Brasileirão, and the league is a very competitive one with no shortage of passion from the fans. The "big twelve" clubs in Brazil, sorted by city are:

• In Belo Horizonte
  • Atlético Mineiro
  • Cruzeiro

• In Porto Alegre
  • Grêmio
  • Internacional

• In Rio de Janeiro
  • Botafogo
  • Flamengo
  • Fluminense
  • Vasco da Gama

• In São Paulo
  • Corinthians
  • Palmeiras
  • Santos
  • São Paulo

There are numerous intense rivalries between Brazil's big clubs, but perhaps the most well-known ones are the Paulista Derby between Coronthians and Palmeiras, Fla-Flu between Flamengo and Fluminense, and O Clássico dos Milhões between Flamengo and Vasco da Gama.

Other sports

• Volleyball - While soccer is the main sport in Brazil, volleyball is extremely popular as well. In addition to the standard indoor sport known the world over, there are several other varieties you can play or watch in Brazil:

• Beach volleyball - It is very common to find spaces on the beaches where you can play beach volleyball, but this version of the sport possess a different code of rules than indoor volleyball (for example instead of six players, only two players are allowed to play on each team).

• Footvolley - Created in Brazil, this challenging sport is essentially beach volleyball played with the ball and no-hands rules of soccer.

• Biribol - Another Brazilian original, biribol, named after the city of Birigüi where it was invented, is an aquatic version of volleyball, played in a 1.3-meter-deep pool with 4 players on each team and a ball similar to a water-polo ball.

Beli

Money

Exchange rates for Brazilian reais As of January 2021: US$1 ≈ R$5.20 €1 ≈ R$6.37 UK£1 ≈ R$7.12 Exchange rates fluctuate. Current rates for these and other currencies are available from XE.com

Brazil's unit of currency is the Real (pronounced 'hay-AHL'), plural Reais ('hay-ICE'), denoted "R$" (ISO code: BRL), commonly referred to as a "conto" (slang) or "pila" (a slang term for the currency in Rio Grande do Sul). One real is divided into 100 centavos. As an example of how prices are written, R$1,50 means one real and fifty centavos.

Small shops or street vendors are unlikely to have change for R$100 (and sometimes R$50) notes. Travelers would be wise to spend those at busy restaurants or grocery stores to keep an adequate supply of small bills on hand.

Foreign currency such as US dollars or euros can be exchanged major airports and luxury hotels (bad rates), exchange bureaus and major branches of Banco do Brasil (no other banks), where you need your passport and your immigration form.

The real is a free-floating currency and has become stronger in the past few years. Especially for US citizens, prices (based on exchange rates) have increased quite a bit.

There are many federal regulations for dealings with foreign currency, trading in any currency other than real in Brazil is considered illegal, although some places in big cities and bordering towns accept foreign money and many exchange offices operate in a shady area. In addition, exchange offices are almost impossible to find outside of big cities. Currency other than US dollars and euros is hard to exchange and the rates are ridiculous. If you would like to exchange cash at a bank, be prepared to pay a hefty commission. For example, Banco do Brasil collects US$15 for each transaction (regardless of amount). Also, travelling with a backpack, you are out of luck getting into banks, because they have annoying security doors and rules. And even if you get in and exchange is possible, you will have to queue for 30 min or so with other regular customers.

It is thus best to rely on ATM, most machines are giving cash without fees.

Banking

Look for an ATM with your credit/debit card logo on it. Cawangan besar Banco do Brasil (mengenakan bayaran $ 6,50 setiap pengeluaran) biasanya mempunyai satu, dan kebanyakan mesin Bradesco, Citibank, BankBoston dan HSBC akan berfungsi. Banco 24 Horas adalah rangkaian ATM yang menerima kad asing (mengenakan bayaran R $ 10 setiap pengeluaran). Had pengeluaran biasanya R $ 600 (Bradesco) atau R $ 1000 (BB, HSBC, B24H), untuk setiap transaksi, dan dalam hal apa pun R $ 1000 sehari. Yang terakhir ini dapat dielakkan dengan beberapa pengeluaran berturut-turut, memilih "akaun" yang berbeza, iaitu "kad kredit", "memeriksa", "simpanan". Sebilangan besar ATM tidak berfungsi atau hanya akan memberi anda R $ 100 selepas jam 22:00.

Pada bulan Mac 2021, hanya dapat mengeluarkan wang secara percuma dengan kad kredit antarabangsa dari bank Bradesco.

Di bandar-bandar kecil, ada kemungkinan tidak ada ATM yang menerima kad asing. Oleh itu, anda harus selalu membawa wang tunai yang mencukupi.

Pendawaian wang ke Brazil boleh dilakukan melalui Western Union^{[pautan mati]} pindahan untuk diambil di cawangan Banco do Brasil di kebanyakan bandar, dan juga beberapa pejabat pertukaran.

Cek pengembara sukar ditunaikan di mana sahaja yang tidak menawarkan pertukaran mata wang.

Sebilangan besar kedai Brazil kini menerima kad kredit utama. Walau bagaimanapun, sebilangan besar kedai dalam talian hanya menerima kad yang dikeluarkan di Brazil, walaupun mereka mempunyai logo kad antarabangsa tersebut.

Duit syiling ialah R $ 0,05, R $ 0,10, R $ 0,25, R $ 0,50 dan R $ 1. Beberapa denominasi mempunyai beberapa reka bentuk yang berbeza. Bil terdapat dalam denominasi berikut: $ 2, R $ 5, R $ 10, R $ 20 R $ 50 dan R $ 100.

Petua

Semasa petua kadang-kadang boleh diberikan untuk beberapa perkhidmatan, penghantaran atau pelancongan, petua sangat jarang berlaku. Biasanya tidak dijangka di teksi, walaupun kadang-kadang menaikkan tambang berlaku. Banyak restoran termasuk caj penghantaran 10% dalam nota, tanpa memerlukan petua lebih lanjut. Bayaran seperti itu sering bergantung kepada perbandaran. Memberi tip kepada bartender tidak biasa.

Cenderamata

Sama seperti Amerika Latin yang lain, perhiasan dan aksesori buatan tangan boleh didapati di mana sahaja, terutamanya di kawasan pelancongan, tetapi harganya jauh lebih mahal. Di kawasan dengan populasi Afro-Brazil yang lebih besar, anda akan dapati lebih banyak Cenderamata Afrika yang dipengaruhi, termasuk anak patung hitam. Havaianas flip-flop adalah berpatutan dan mudah didapati di Brazil dan pasar raya selalunya merupakan tempat terbaik untuk membelinya - kedai-kedai kecil biasanya membawa barang-barang di luar jenama atau palsu. Sekiranya anda mempunyai ruang di dalam beg anda, kapas tenunan Brazil tempat tidur gantung adalah pembelian yang baik dan berfungsi. Item lain yang menarik dan menyeronokkan adalah peteca, semacam shuttlecock tangan yang digunakan dalam permainan tradisional eponim, yang serupa dengan bola tampar.

Membeli-belah

Bukan idea yang buruk untuk mengemas cahaya dan mendapatkan almari pakaian Brazil dalam beberapa hari selepas ketibaan. Ini akan menjadikan anda kurang jelas sebagai pelancong, dan memberi anda berbulan-bulan puas pulang ke rumah tentang tawaran hebat yang anda dapat setiap kali anda memuji pakaian anda. Orang Brazil mempunyai gaya mereka sendiri dan itu menjadikan pelancong - terutama yang memakai baju atau sandal Hawaii dengan kaus kaki - menonjol di khalayak ramai. Selamat membeli-belah, dan bersatu. Alasan lain yang baik untuk membeli pakaian dan kasut di Brazil ialah kualitinya biasanya bagus dan harganya sering kali murah. Walau bagaimanapun, ini tidak berlaku untuk jenama asing kerana import dibebankan oleh cukai import yang tinggi - oleh itu, jangan berharap untuk mendapatkan harga yang baik pada jenama seperti Diesel, Levi's, Tommy Hilfiger, dll. Untuk mengetahui ukuran seluar Brazil anda, ukur pinggang dalam sentimeter, bahagi dengan 2, dan bulatkan hingga nombor genap seterusnya.

Tingkap kedai akan sering menunjukkan harga diikuti dengan "X 5" atau "X 10", dll. Ini adalah harga ansuran-penjualan. Harga yang ditunjukkan adalah harga setiap ansuran, sehingga, "R $ 50 X 10", misalnya, bermaksud 10 pembayaran (biasanya bulanan) masing-masing R $ 50. Harga sebenar selalunya lebih rendah jika anda membayar secara tunai.

Pastikan sebarang peralatan yang anda beli sama ada voltan dua atau sama seperti di negara asal anda. Brazil ialah 60 Hz, jadi jangan beli jam elektrik atau barang bermotor tanpa bateri jika anda tinggal di Eropah atau Australia. Walau bagaimanapun, voltan berbeza mengikut keadaan atau bahkan kawasan di dalam keadaan yang sama. (lihat Elektrik di bawah).

Peralatan dan elektronik buatan Brazil mahal. Sekiranya tidak, mereka biasanya tidak berkualiti. Semua elektronik mahal berbanding harga Eropah atau AS. Harga barang elektronik yang diimport boleh menjadi agak mahal kerana cukai import yang tinggi, dan rangkaian alat elektronik domestik tidak terlalu luas.

Walaupun kekuatan sebenarnya menunjukkan bahawa membeli-belah di Brazil tidak lagi murah, masih banyak tawaran yang dapat dilakukan, terutama barang-barang kulit, termasuk kasut (walaupun ukurannya berbeza). Pakaian secara amnya adalah pembelian yang baik, terutamanya untuk wanita, yang mana terdapat banyak barang yang berkelas. Pasar jalanan, yang biasa, juga merupakan pilihan yang sangat baik, tetapi elakkan nama jenama seperti "Nike" - anda akan membayar lebih banyak dan mungkin palsu. Jangan takut untuk "merasakan" item. Sekiranya tidak terasa betul, kemungkinan besar tidak! Sekiranya tidak ada label, itu mungkin Brazil, tetapi beberapa produk buatan Brazil kurang mantap daripada rakan Amerika atau Eropah mereka.

Makan

Lihat juga: Masakan Brazil

Masakan

Masakan Brazil beragam seperti geografi dan budayanya, berdasarkan berbagai tanaman, ternakan dan makanan laut yang dihasilkan di negara ini. Sebaliknya, sebilangan mungkin menganggapnya sebagai pelengkap yang tidak halus, dan tambang sehari-hari boleh menjadi hambar dan tidak monoton. Walaupun terdapat beberapa hidangan khas dari daerah yang unik, banyak hidangan dibawa oleh pendatang dari luar negara dan telah disesuaikan dengan selera tempatan dari generasi ke generasi. Makanan Itali dan Cina di Brazil sering kali membingungkan seperti makanan Amazon.

Makan tengah hari standard Brazil dipanggil prato feito, dengan adik-beradiknya komersil dan eksekutif. Nasi dan kacang coklat dalam sos, dengan stik kecil. Kadang-kadang farofa, spageti, sayur-sayuran dan kentang goreng akan disertakan. Daging lembu boleh diganti dengan ayam, ikan atau lain-lain.

Cemerlang makanan laut boleh didapati di bandar-bandar pesisir, terutama di Timur Laut.

Pinggan mangkuk

• Hidangan kebangsaan Brazil adalah feijoada, rebusan yang enak yang diperbuat daripada kacang hitam, daging babi (telinga, buku jari, daging, sosej) dan daging lembu (biasanya dikeringkan). Ia disajikan dengan nasi, dihiasi dengan sayur-sayuran collard dan oren yang dihiris. Ia tidak disajikan di setiap restoran; yang menyediakannya biasanya menawarkannya pada hari Rabu dan Sabtu. Kesalahan yang biasa dilakukan oleh pelancong ialah makan terlalu banyak feijoada pada pertemuan pertama. Ini adalah hidangan yang berat - malah orang Brazil biasanya memakannya secara melulu.
• Makanan ringan Brazil, cabang (sandwic) dan salgadinhos (kebanyakan yang lain), termasuk pelbagai jenis pastri. Cari coxinha (ayam goreng, tepung adunan), empada (pai kecil, tidak boleh dikelirukan dengan empanada - empadas dan empanada adalah barang yang sama sekali berbeza), dan pastel (pusing ganti goreng). Makanan ringan biasa yang lain adalah misto quente, sandwic ham-dan-keju panggang. Pão-de-queijo, gulungan yang diperbuat daripada tepung dan keju maniok, sangat popular, terutama di Minas Gerais state - pão-de-queijo dan secawan kopi Brazil segar adalah gabungan klasik.

Lebih lagi:

• Farofa. Tepung ubi kayu digoreng bersama daging dan bawang; hidangan sampingan standard karbo di restoran, bersama dengan nasi putih. (dikemas kini Jun 2018)
• Feijão verde. Kacang hijau dengan keju gratin. (dikemas kini Jun 2018)
• Paçoca. Daging lembu dicampurkan dengan tepung ubi kayu dalam a pilão (lesung besar dengan perosak besar). Hidangan koboi tradisional. (dikemas kini Jun 2018)
• Pastel. Pastri goreng yang diisi dengan keju, daging cincang atau ham. (dikemas kini Jun 2018)
• Ubi kayu (Beiju de tapioka). Dibuat dengan pati ubi kayu, juga dikenal sebagai pati ubi kayu. Apabila dipanaskan dalam kuali, ia membeku dan menjadi sejenis pancake atau krep kering, berbentuk seperti cakera. Ada yang akan melipatnya separuh, yang lain akan menggulungnya dengan gaya rocambole. Pengisiannya berbeza-beza, tetapi dapat dibuat manis atau gurih, dengan rasa yang paling tradisional adalah: kelapa parut / susu pekat (manis), keju daging lembu / keju carbonho, keju biasa, dan mentega (gurih). Namun, ia telah menjadi barang makanan "gourmetized", untuk dilayan dengan kreativiti; nutella, coklat, napolitano (keju pizza / ham / tomato / oregano) dan keju dada ayam / catupiry menjadi pilihan biasa pada masa kini. (dikemas kini Jun 2018)
• Brigadeiro. Makanan pencuci mulut tradisional Brazil dari tahun 1940-an, yang diperbuat daripada serbuk koko, susu pekat, dan mentega, taburan coklat tertutup. (dikemas kini Jun 2018)

Masakan daerah

• Selatan - Churrasco adalah barbeku Brazil, dan biasanya disajikan "rodizio" atau "espeto corrido" (semua-anda-boleh-makan). Pelayan membawa potongan daging yang besar pada kelopak baja dari meja ke meja, dan mengiris kepingan ke pinggan anda (gunakan penjepit untuk merebut kepingan daging dan jangan sentuh tepi pisau dengan barang perak anda untuk mengelakkan pinggirannya kusam). Secara tradisinya, anda diberi blok kayu kecil berwarna hijau di satu sisi dan merah di sisi lain. Apabila anda sudah bersedia untuk makan, letakkan bahagian hijau ke atas. Apabila anda terlalu banyak untuk memberitahu pelayan anda sudah cukup, letakkan sisi merah ke atas ... Rodizio tempat mempunyai bufet untuk barang-barang tanpa daging; berhati-hatilah bahawa di beberapa tempat, pencuci mulut tidak dianggap sebagai makanan bufet utama dan dikenakan sebagai makanan tambahan. Kebanyakan restoran churrasco (churrascarias) juga menyajikan jenis makanan lain, jadi selamat pergi ke sana dengan rakan yang tidak terlalu gemar dengan daging. Walaupun churrascarias biasanya merupakan tempat yang cukup mahal (untuk piawaian Brazil) di kawasan Utara, Tengah dan kawasan pedalaman, mereka cenderung jauh lebih murah daripada di Selatan dan bandar-bandar besar, di mana mereka sering dikunjungi walaupun oleh mereka yang kurang kaya.
• Mineiro adalah masakan "pelombong" dari Minas Gerais, berdasarkan daging babi dan kacang, dengan sebilangan sayur-sayuran. Hidangan dari Goiás serupa, tetapi gunakan beberapa bahan tempatan seperti pequi dan guariroba. Masakan Minas Gerais jika tidak dilihat sangat enak, memiliki rasa "sederhana" yang sangat dihargai.
• Makanan dari Bahia, di pantai timur laut berakar di seberang Atlantik di Afrika Timur dan masakan India. Kelapa, minyak kelapa sawit dende, lada panas, dan makanan laut adalah bahan utama. Petua: panas ("quente") bermaksud banyak lada, sejuk ("frio") bermaksud kurang atau tidak sama sekali lada. Sekiranya anda berani memakannya panas awak patut cuba acarajé (roasties yang diisi udang) dan vatapá (sup kacang hitam yang boleh diminum).
• Espírito Santo dan Bahia mempunyai dua versi berbeza moqueca, rebusan makanan laut berasaskan tomato yang enak yang disediakan dalam periuk tanah liat khas.
• Orang Amazon masakan diambil dari makanan penduduk asli, termasuk pelbagai ikan dan sayur-sayuran eksotik. Terdapat juga pelbagai jenis buah-buahan tropika.
• CearáMakanannya mempunyai pelbagai jenis makanan laut, dan diketahui mempunyai ketam terbaik di negara ini. Sangat popular sehingga setiap hujung minggu beribu-ribu orang pergi Praia do Futuro di Fortaleza untuk makan ikan goreng dan ketam (biasanya diikuti dengan bir sejuk).

Masakan "fusion" Brazil

• Piza sangat popular di Brazil. Di Sāo Paulo, pelancong akan mendapat harga kedai pizza paling tinggi bagi setiap penghuni di negara ini. Pelbagai rasa sangat luas, dengan beberapa restoran menawarkan lebih dari 100 jenis pizza. Perlu diperhatikan perbezaan antara "mozzarella" Eropah dan "mussarela" Brazil. Mereka berbeza dari segi rasa, penampilan dan asal usul tetapi mozzarella kerbau ("mussarela de búfala") juga sering tersedia. "Mussarela" dari Brazil, yang mendahului kebanyakan pizza, berwarna kuning dan mempunyai rasa yang lebih kuat. Di beberapa restoran, terutama di Selatan, pizza tidak mempunyai sos tomat. Hidangan lain yang berasal dari Itali, seperti macarrão (makaroni), lasanha dan lain-lain juga sangat popular.
• Timur Tengah dan Arab (sebenarnya Orang Lubnan) makanan banyak terdapat. Sebilangan besar pilihan menawarkan kualiti tinggi dan pelbagai jenis. Beberapa jenis makanan timur tengah, seperti quibe dan esfiha telah disesuaikan dan boleh didapati di tempat makanan ringan dan makanan segera di seluruh negara. Anda juga boleh menjumpai stan shawarma (kebab), yang disebut oleh orang Brazil sebagai "churrasco grego" (Barbeku Yunani)
• São Paulo Orang Jepun restoran menyajikan banyak tempura, yakisoba, sushi dan sashimi. Ragamnya bagus dan kebanyakan harganya sangat menarik jika dibandingkan dengan Eropah, Amerika Syarikat dan Jepun. Sebilangan besar restoran Jepun juga menawarkan rodizio atau bufet pilihan, dengan kualiti yang sama seolah-olah anda memesan dari menu. Kadang-kadang, bagaimanapun, ia agak jauh dari perkara yang sebenarnya. Khususnya, sushi buatan Brazil sering menggunakan banyak keju krim dan mayonis, dan sushi tepung roti dengan sos tare ("hot roll") sama popularnya dengan sushi "ikan mentah". Perkara yang sama boleh dikatakan Orang Cina makanan, sekali lagi dengan beberapa variasi dari tradisional. Gulungan pegas berisi keju, sesiapa sahaja. Restoran Jepun (atau yang menawarkan makanan Jepun) jauh lebih biasa daripada orang Cina dan boleh didapati di banyak bandar di Brazil, terutama di negeri São Paulo.

Restoran

• Restoran menambah bayaran perkhidmatan 10% pada bil, dan ini adalah satu-satunya tip yang dibayar di Brazil. Ia tidak wajib, tetapi meminta agar caj dihapus sering dianggap sangat tidak sopan dan biasanya dikhaskan untuk layanan buruk. Sekiranya anda benar-benar ingin memberi tip, R $ 5-10 sudah mencukupi, dan mungkin juga akan mengejutkan pelayan anda.
• Terdapat dua jenis restoran layan diri, kadang-kadang dengan kedua-dua pilihan yang ada di satu tempat: bufet makan-makan dengan barbeku yang disajikan di meja, dipanggil rodízio, atau harga per berat (por quilo atau quilão), sangat biasa pada waktu makan tengah hari di seluruh Brazil. Muatkan hidangan di bufet dan dapatkan pinggan anda mengikut skala sebelum makan. Terutama di Selatan, "galeto" tradisional Itali adalah perkara biasa. Anda akan dihidangkan pelbagai jenis pasta, salad, sup dan daging (kebanyakannya ayam) di meja anda.
• Pelanggan dibenarkan oleh undang-undang untuk mengunjungi dapur untuk memeriksa bagaimana makanan ditangani, walaupun ini sangat tidak biasa dan melakukannya mungkin akan dianggap aneh dan tidak sopan.
• Beberapa restoran Brazil hanya menyajikan makanan untuk dua orang. Mungkin tidak jelas dari menu, jadi tanyakan kepada pelayan. Sebilangan besar restoran dalam kategori ini membenarkan "setengah hidangan" dari pinggan seperti itu (meia-porção), pada harga 60-70%. Juga, pasangan di restoran sering duduk bersebelahan dan bukannya berseberangan antara satu sama lain; perhatikan isyarat pelayan anda atau nyatakan pilihan anda semasa duduk.
• Makanan segera memang popular, dan makanan tempatan di hamburger dan hot-dog ("cachorro-quente", diterjemahkan secara harfiah) memang patut dicuba. Sandwic Brazil terdapat dalam pelbagai jenis, dengan ramuan seperti mayonis, daging asap, ham, keju, selada, tomat, jagung, kacang polong, kismis, kentang goreng, saus tomat, telur, acar, dll. Pemakan berani mungkin ingin mencuba hot dog tradisional yang lengkap (hanya meminta a lengkap), yang, selain roti dan sosej, akan merangkumi semua yang dipamerkan. Di mana-mana x-burger (dan jenisnya x-salada, x-tudo, dll.) tidak begitu misterius seperti yang terdengar: pengucapan huruf "X" dalam bahasa Portugis terdengar seperti "keju", maka namanya.
• Rantai besar: Rangkaian burger makanan segera Bob dijumpai di seluruh negara dan telah wujud di negara ini selama hampir sama dengan McDonald's. Terdapat juga rangkaian makanan segera nasional yang dipanggil Habib yang walaupun namanya menyajikan pizza selain makanan Arab. Burger King dan Subway juga tersebar luas.

Minum

Alkohol

Minuman kebangsaan Brazil adalah cachaça (cah-shah-sah, juga dikenali sebagai aguardente ("air terbakar") dan pinga), minuman keras tebu 40% yang diketahui dapat mengetuk orang yang tidak berhati-hati dengan cepat. Ia boleh dicuba di hampir setiap bar di negara ini. Kawasan pengeluar terkenal termasuk Minas Gerais, di mana terdapat lawatan penyulingan, dan bandar Paraty. Pirassununga adalah rumah kepada Caninha 51, jenama laris Brazil. Di luar Fortaleza ada muzium cachaça (Museu da Cachaça) di mana anda boleh belajar mengenai sejarah jenama Ypioca.

Minum cachaça secara lurus, atau diaduk hanya dengan sedikit madu atau sedikit jus limau, adalah kebiasaan biasa di wilayah Timur Laut negara ini, tetapi kekuatan cachaça dapat disembunyikan dalam koktail seperti yang terkenal caipirinha, di mana ia dicampurkan dengan gula, jus kapur dan ais. Menggunakan vodka dan bukannya cachaça dijuluki caipiroska atau caipivodka; dengan rum putih, ia adalah caipiríssima; dan demi itu adalah caipisaque (tidak di setiap wilayah). Ramuan lain yang menarik disebut capeta ("setan"), dibuat dengan cachaça, susu pekat, kayu manis, serbuk guarana (perangsang ringan), dan bahan-bahan lain, yang berbeza-beza mengikut wilayah. Sekiranya anda menikmati brendi atau grappa yang bagus, cubalah cachaça berumur. Dalam dan kompleks, semangat berwarna keemasan ini tidak seperti minuman keras jernih di mana-mana yang lebih sering dilihat. Perjalanan yang menyeronokkan adalah ke "alambique" - kilang penyulingan tempatan, di mana terdapat ribuan di seluruh negara - anda bukan sahaja dapat melihat bagaimana semangat dihasilkan dari gula tebu mentah, anda mungkin juga akan mendapat harga yang lebih baik .

Layak dicuba adalah wiski Brazil! Ini sebenarnya 50% scotch yang diimport - komponen malt - dan kira-kira 50% semangat bijirin Brazil. Jangan disesatkan oleh nama Amerika yang terdengar seperti "Wall Street". Ia bukan bourbon. Nilai wang yang baik dan tidak dapat dibezakan dari campuran Inggeris biasa.

Semasa alkohol yang diimport sangat mahal, banyak jenama antarabangsa dihasilkan di bawah lesen di Brazil, menjadikannya banyak tersedia, dan cukup murah. Anda boleh membeli minuman keras tanpa cukai setelah mendarat di lapangan terbang Brazil, tetapi biasanya lebih mahal daripada membelinya di luar lapangan terbang.

Bir

Bir di Brazil mempunyai sejarah terhormat kerana pendatang Jerman. Sebilangan besar jenama bir Brazil cenderung kurang pekat dan pahit daripada bir Jerman, Denmark atau Inggeris. Lebih daripada 90% daripada semua bir yang dimakan di Brazil adalah Pilsner, dan biasanya diminum dalam keadaan sejuk (pada suhu hampir 0 ° C). Jenama domestik yang paling popular adalah Brahma, Antartika, dan Skol. Jenama tradisional merangkumi Bohemia, Caracu (gagah), Asal dan Serra Malte (lain yang gagah). Mereka mudah dijumpai di bar dan patut dicuba tetapi biasanya lebih mahal daripada bir yang popular. Terdapat juga beberapa bir premium nasional yang hanya terdapat di beberapa bar dan pasar raya tertentu; jika anda ingin merasakan bir Brazil yang enak, cari Baden Baden, Colorado, Eisenbahn, Petra, Theresopolis dan lain lain. Terdapat juga beberapa bir antarabangsa yang dihasilkan oleh kilang bir nasional seperti Heineken dan Stella Artois dan mempunyai rasa yang sedikit berbeza jika dibandingkan dengan bir yang asli.

Terdapat dua cara minum bir di bar: bir draf atau botol. Draf bir lager dipanggil chope atau cincang ('SHOH-pee'), dan biasanya disajikan dengan busa satu inci, tetapi anda boleh membuat aduan kepada bartender jika busa secara konsisten lebih tebal dari itu. Di bar, pelayan biasanya akan mengumpulkan gelas dan botol kosong di atas meja dan menggantinya dengan yang penuh, sehingga anda memintanya berhenti, dalam sistem pengecasan "ketuk". Bagi bir botol, botol (600ml atau 1l) dikongsi di antara semua orang di meja dan dituangkan dalam gelas kecil, dan bukannya diminum terus dari botol. Orang Brazil menyukai bir mereka hampir sejuk - oleh itu, untuk menjaga suhu turun, botol bir sering disimpan di dalam bekas polistirena bertebat di atas meja.

Wain

Rio Grande do Sul adalah yang terkemuka arak wilayah pengeluaran. Terdapat sebilangan ladang penghasil anggur yang terbuka untuk pengunjung dan mencicipi anggur, dan gudang anggur menjual wain dan jus anggur yang diperam. Salah satu ladang ini terbuka untuk pengunjung adalah Kilang anggur Salton, terletak di bandar Bento Gonçalves. The Lembah São Francisco, di sepanjang sempadan negeri Pernambuco dan Bahia, adalah wilayah pengeluar wain terbaru di negara ini. Wain Brazil biasanya lebih segar, lebih segar dan kurang alkohol daripada, misalnya, anggur Perancis. Jenama popular seperti Sangue de Boi, Canção dan Santa Felicidade dan lain-lain dengan harga di bawah R $ 6.00 biasanya dilihat sebagai sampah.

Dalam Minas Gerais, cari licor de jabuticaba (minuman keras jabuticaba) atau vinho de jabuticaba (wain jabuticaba), minuman hitam-ungu yang indah dengan rasa manis. Jabuticaba adalah nama buah hitam kecil seperti anggur yang berasal dari Brazil.

Kopi dan teh

Brazil terkenal di seluruh dunia untuk kopi kuat berkualiti tinggi. Kafe sangat popular sehingga boleh menamakan makanan (seperti nasi tidak di China, Jepun dan Korea): sarapan pagi di Brazil dipanggil kafe da manhã (kopi pagi), sementara kafe com pão (kopi dengan roti) atau kafe da tarde (kopi petang) bermaksud makanan petang yang ringan. Cafezinho (kopi kecil) adalah secawan kecil kopi manis yang biasanya disajikan selepas makan di restoran (kadang-kadang percuma, hanya bertanya dengan sopan). Kopi yang ditapis dalam botol digantikan oleh cawan espresso yang lebih kuat di restoran kelas atas.

Chá, atau teh dalam bahasa Portugis, paling banyak dijumpai di dalamnya Assam versi (oren, berwarna terang) Beberapa kedai teh dan kafe yang lebih khusus akan menyediakan Earl Grey dan teh hijau juga.

Jodoh adalah infus yang serupa dengan teh yang tinggi kandungan kafein. Versi panggang, sering disajikan dingin, dimakan di seluruh negara, sementara Chimarrão (kebetulan disebut jodoh di negara jiran berbahasa Sepanyol) adalah setara panas dan pahit yang boleh dijumpai di selatan dan sangat dihargai oleh gaúchos (Penghuni Rio Grande do Sul). Tererê adalah versi sejuk Chimarrão, biasa di Mato Grosso do Sul dan Mato Grosso negeri.

Minuman ringan

Sekiranya anda mahukan a Coke di Brazil, minta koka atau coca-cola, sebagai "cola" bermaksud "gam", dalam bahasa Portugis.

Guaraná adalah minuman ringan berkarbonat yang terbuat dari guaraná beri, berasal dari kawasan Amazon. Jenama utama adalah Antartika dan Kuat, yang terakhir dimiliki oleh Coke. Pureza adalah minuman ringan guaraná yang kurang dikenali dan terkenal Santa Catarina. Terdapat juga "Guaraná Jesus" yang popular di Maranhão. Hampir semua wilayah di Brazil menampilkan varian lokal mereka sendiri di guaraná, beberapa yang sangat berbeza dengan "Antartika" standard dengan cara baik dan buruk. Sekiranya melancong ke Amazonas, pastikan untuk mencuba "Baré" yang sejuk, yang kerana popularitinya yang sangat besar di Manaus, dibeli oleh Antartika dan semakin tersedia di seluruh Brazil utara.

Tubaína adalah minuman ringan berkarbonat yang sangat popular di kalangan penduduk Brazil (terutamanya yang dilahirkan pada tahun 70-an, 80-an dan awal 90-an) dan menjadi sangat sukar dicari. Itu pernah dihasilkan secara besar-besaran oleh "Brahma" sebelum menjadi tumpuan hanya pada bir. Sekiranya anda terjumpa tempat yang menjualnya, cubalah.

Mineirinho (atau Mate Couro) juga merupakan minuman ringan yang popular yang terbuat dari guaraná dan daun khas Brazil yang disebut Chapéu de Couro. Walaupun kebanyakan orang Brazil mengatakan bahawa rasanya seperti rumput, orang tua (70 tahun) mendakwa bahawa minuman itu mempunyai khasiat perubatan.

Jus buah

Jus buah sangat popular di Brazil. Beberapa bandar, terutamanya Rio de Janeiro, mempunyai bar jus buah di hampir setiap sudut.

• Tidak ada yang mengalahkan air kelapa (água de coco) pada hari yang panas. (Tekankan yang pertama o, jika tidak, ia akan keluar sebagai "poo" (cocô)). Ia kebanyakannya dijual sebagai coco gelado di dalam kelapa itu sendiri, diminum dengan jerami. Minta penjual yang menggunakan parang untuk memotong kelapa menjadi separuh supaya anda dapat memakan dagingnya setelah meminum airnya.
• Açai (buah dari Amazon) sedap dan berkhasiat (kaya dengan antioksidan) dan boleh didapati meluas di seluruh negara. Di wilayah Amazon ia digunakan sebagai pelengkap diet seharian, sering dimakan bersama nasi dan ikan dalam makanan utama hari ini. Anehnya, di luar wilayah Amazon, biasanya digunakan dalam campuran bersama dengan serbuk guarana (perangsang) dan pisang untuk kembali bertenaga dari berpesta larut malam. Ia dihidangkan sejuk dan mempunyai ketekunan ais lembut. Terdapat juga ais krim açai.
• Maracuja (markisa) (berhati-hati semasa hari aktif kerana ini memberi kesan santai)
• Caju (buah gajus) dan
• Garapa: jus tebu segar
• Manga (mangga) juga merupakan pengalaman jus yang hebat.
• Mangaba
• Umbu
• Vitamina: goncang susu dengan buah-buahan segar

Orang Brazil mempunyai rasa yang hebat ketika mencampurkan jus.

Tidur

Musim tinggi di Brazil mengikuti kalendar cuti sekolah, Disember dan Januari (musim panas) adalah bulan yang paling sibuk. Tahun Baru, Karnival (boleh bergerak antara Februari dan Mac, lihat Fahami di atas) dan minggu Suci adalah waktu puncak, dan harga boleh meroket, terutama di bandar-bandar pesisir seperti Rio dan Salvador. Juga, semasa cuti tersebut, banyak hotel mengehadkan tempahan minimum 3 atau 4 hari dan dikenakan bayaran terlebih dahulu.

Hotel banyak terdapat di hampir semua kawasan di Brazil dan boleh terdiri dari resort pantai mewah hingga pilihan yang sangat sederhana dan murah. Dewan peraturan pelancongan Brazil mengenakan atribut minimum khusus untuk setiap jenis kemudahan, tetapi kerana penarafan bintang 1-5 tidak lagi diberlakukan, periksa terlebih dahulu jika hotel anda menyediakan jenis perkhidmatan yang anda harapkan.

Pousada bermaksud rumah tumpangan (yang setara dengan bahasa Perancis auberge atau orang Inggeris Asrama), dan biasanya lebih sederhana daripada hotel, dan akan menawarkan lebih sedikit perkhidmatan (perkhidmatan bilik, dobi dll). Pousada lebih meluas daripada hotel.

Di kawasan hutan belantara seperti Pantanal, pelancong biasanya tinggal di fazendas, yang merupakan peternakan dengan kemudahan tetamu. Di bandar kecil Minas Gerais orang gemar hotéis-fazenda (hotel ladang) di mana anda boleh berenang, menunggang, berjalan, bermain bola sepak, dan berkhemah serta tidur di barak yang indah.

Juga ada keseronokan dalam meneruskan a hotel bot yang akan membawa anda ke tempat-tempat yang tidak dapat diakses di sungai dan tasik untuk perjalanan memancing yang hebat atau hanya untuk bersantai dan menonton dan memotret hidupan liar yang sangat banyak di Pantanal. Botnya besar, selamat, dan selesa dengan bilik berhawa dingin (sangat diperlukan). Beberapa kapal aluminium kecil dengan motor tempel, dibawa oleh hotel perahu, didorong oleh pemandu / pemandu nelayan yang berpengalaman akan membawa 2 atau 3 pelancong ke "titik" terbaik.

Belia asrama (albergues da juventude) menjadi semakin biasa.

Banyak hoel memberikan potongan harga jika anda tidak menggunakan laman web tempahan monopoli di tengah, terutama di Rio. Oleh itu, periksa laman web mereka secara langsung atau hantar mesej kepada mereka.

Motel vs hotel

Segera berhati-hati; di Brazil sebuah "motel" tidak sama dengan yang biasa dijumpai di Amerika Syarikat. Istilah motel di Amerika Latin biasanya merujuk kepada tempat penginapan di mana bilik disewa dalam jangka pendek, biasanya untuk penugasan romantis. Sebaliknya, hotel adalah tempat penginapan bagi pelancong dan biasanya mesra keluarga. Banyak hotel tidak akan membenarkan orang yang tidak didaftarkan sebagai tetamu untuk melampaui kawasan penerimaan tetamu. Ini untuk keselamatan kedua-dua tetamu dan kakitangan hotel dan juga untuk melindungi reputasi hotel di negara yang masih konservatif budaya dan negara Katolik. Oleh itu, pelawat yang mencari tempat untuk menikmati fizikal syarikat lain, akan sering menggunakan motel. Juga privasi adalah sesuatu yang istimewa di Brazil, dengan anak-anak sering tinggal di rumah sehingga mereka berkahwin. Atas sebab ini dan alasan praktikal yang lain, pasangan, bahkan pasangan suami isteri yang memerlukan sedikit keakraban, kadang-kadang menyewa bilik di sebuah motel. Motel ini biasa di Brazil dan tidak membawa stigma sosial yang dulu dikaitkan dengan apa yang disebut "no tell motel" di Amerika Syarikat atau Kanada. Kualiti dan harga penginapan di motel berbeza-beza, kadang-kadang secara drastik, dengan kebanyakannya bersih dan terpelihara dengan baik. Bilik dikendalikan secara anonim dengan tarif dan sebarang caj berkaitan biasanya dibayar secara tunai sahaja.

Belajar

Kualiti universiti di Brazil berbeza-beza bergantung pada wilayahnya. Di Brazil, terdapat ratusan universiti, dan universiti awam biasanya yang paling terkenal di negara ini dan universiti yang menghasilkan penyelidikan paling saintifik daripada universiti swasta. Beberapa universiti awam yang paling penting adalah Universiti São Paulo (USP), Universiti Persekutuan Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Universiti Brasilia (UnB), Universiti Persekutuan Santa Catarina (UFSC) dan Universiti Persekutuan Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS). Di samping itu, terdapat juga beberapa universiti swasta yang penting, seperti Universiti Presbyterian Mackenzie dan juga Universiti Katolik Pontifikal São Paulo (PUCSP), Universiti Katolik Pontifikal Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Universiti Katolik Pontianak Paraná (PUCPR) dan juga Universiti Katolik Pontifikal Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS). Universiti awam mempunyai ujian masuk standard, yang disebut ENEM (Exame Nacional do Ensino Médio, Peperiksaan Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan), walaupun sebilangan mereka juga mempunyai peperiksaan masuk sendiri. Semua universiti ini mempunyai program sarjana dan pascasiswazah yang sangat baik dan diiktiraf di peringkat antarabangsa, dengan pelbagai program pertukaran dengan pelbagai universiti di banyak negara di seluruh dunia.

Untuk mendaftar di universiti Brazil sebagai pelajar pertukaran, anda mesti memperoleh a Visa pelajar di Kedutaan atau Konsulat Brazil di negara asal anda. Setelah anda tiba di Brazil dengan visa pelajar yang sah, maka anda mesti mendaftar di Departamento da Polícia Persekutuan (Jabatan Polis Persekutuan) dalam masa 30 hari dari ketibaan anda dan dapatkan RNE (Registro Nacional do Estrangeiro), yang merupakan kad pengenalan nasional untuk warganegara luar negara. Di sinilah anda boleh memperbaharui visa anda dengan pihak berkuasa Brazil.

Kursus bahasa Portugis untuk orang asing tidak meluas di luar bandar-bandar besar. Alternatif yang baik adalah berkawan dengan pelajar bahasa dan bertukar pelajaran. Sekiranya anda datang ke Brazil dengan beberapa idea awal mengenai bahasa Portugis, anda akan melihat bahawa orang akan memperlakukan anda dengan lebih baik dan anda akan mendapat lebih mudah. Sekolah bahasa di Curitiba, Salvador, Sao Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Belo Horizonte, dan Porto Alegre mempunyai kursus bahasa Portugis dari 2 minggu ke atas.

Kerja

Sekiranya anda boleh mendapatkan pekerjaan, bekerja di Brazil adalah, kerana terdapat banyak maklumat. Secara teori, anda mesti mempunyai permit kerja (Autorização de Trabalho) dari Kementerian Tenaga Kerja sebelum anda dapat pekerjaan. Namun, untuk mendapatkannya, anda mesti ditaja oleh majikan sebelum memasuki negara ini. Syarikat mesti menginginkan orang asing yang cukup buruk untuk membayar pemerintah lebih dari R $ 2000 untuk menaja anda, mengetahui juga bahawa mereka diwajibkan oleh undang-undang untuk secara serentak menyewa dan melatih pengganti anda. Oleh kerana itu, mencari pekerjaan yang sah boleh menjadi tugas birokrasi yang cukup menakutkan, bahkan di pasaran pekerjaan Brazil yang semakin meningkat sekarang ini.

Sekiranya anda seorang penutur asli bahasa Inggeris, anda mungkin dapat mencari pekerjaan sambilan yang mengajar bahasa Inggeris, tetapi jangan berharap untuk menyelamatkan percutian anda. Walaupun pada awalnya bekerja di pasar informal kelihatan bebas dari masalah, ada risiko juga. Bayarannya akan berada di bawah meja tanpa kontrak, jadi sukar bagi anda untuk menuntut hak pekerja anda kemudian. Di bandar-bandar besar, ada juga bahaya diserahkan kepada pihak berkuasa oleh sekolah pesaing, yang mungkin akan membawa anda ke pesawat pulang lebih awal dari yang anda rencanakan.

Terdapat juga permintaan yang semakin meningkat untuk kelas bahasa Sepanyol, jadi penutur asli Sepanyol seharusnya tidak menghadapi masalah mencari pekerjaan, terutama di kota-kota besar. Dalam kedua-dua kes, selalu lebih menguntungkan untuk mencari pekerjaan secara persendirian daripada melalui sekolah. Ini dapat dilakukan dengan mudah, misalnya dengan meletakkan iklan di bahagian iklan di surat kabar Folha de S. Paulo dan Estado de S. Paulo (di São Paulo), O Globo (di Rio de Janeiro) dan Zero Hora (di Porto Alegre) atau di majalah berita mingguan nasional Veja (anda harus membayarnya) atau dengan memasang papan tanda di papan kenyataan di universiti seperti USP (percuma).

Merujuk kepada Laman web Kementerian Tenaga Kerja untuk maklumat yang lebih terperinci.

Sukarelawan

Bekerja sebagai sukarelawan, belajar bahasa Sepanyol dan melihat negara dengan tali kasut sangat popular di kalangan pelancong di Amerika Selatan. Sebilangan besar orang dengan banyak masa memilih perjalanan seperti ini, mengenal negara dan rakyatnya.

Volunteering can be done as part of a large organisation, or for local families. When working with or for local families, they often provide you with food and accommodation for about 3-5 hr work per day. Such engagements can be found with any of the following websites, which differ by length and type of stay: Workaway, HelpX, Wwoof, dan Worldpackers. The website generally demand a small commission or a yearly fee.

Use the rating system of these websites to determine good and reliable hosts. And beware, many locals just use those websites to find cheap labour, offering a terrible experience, sometimes no food or no decent accommodation. Avoid such offers, which are just badly managed businesses, and opt for placements that really depend on volunteers (like green farming, education, NGOs, etc.).

In general, avoid paying for volunteering. You can also contact a bunch of international NGOs and let them know you are interested in working for them. Sometimes you can also get a paid job after doing some volunteer work. Just be clear that you are able to stay a fixed amount of time for unpaid work, and that you would need some money to continue your work.

Stay healthy

When visiting the Midwestern states of Brazil, the relative humidity can be below 30% during the dry season from June to September. It is important to drink plenty of water to avoid the unpleasant effects of dehydration.

Food from street and beach vendors has a bad hygienic reputation in Brazil. The later in the day, the worse it gets. Bottled and canned drinks are safe, although some people will insist on using a straw to avoid contact with the exterior of the container. Bear in mind the heat and humidity when storing perishable foods.

Tap water varies from place to place, (from contaminated, saline or soaked with chlorine to plain drinkable) and Brazilians themselves usually prefer to have it filtered.

In airports, bus stations, as well as many of the cheaper hotels and malls, it is common to find drinking fountains (bebedouro), although not always safe. In hostel kitchens, look for the tap with the cylindrical filter attached. In more expensive hotels, there is often no publicly accessible fountain, and bedrooms contain minibars, selling you mineral water at extremely inflated prices — buying bottled water from the store is always the best alternative.

Vaccination against yellow fever and taking anti-malaria medication may be necessary if you are travelling to Midwestern state of Mato Grosso or northern (Amazon) regions. If you're arriving from Peru, Colombia or Bolivia, proof of yellow fever vaccination is required before you enter Brazil. Some countries, such as Australia dan South Africa, will require evidence of yellow fever vaccination before allowing you enter the country if you have been in any part of Brazil within the previous week. Check the requirements of any country you will travel to from Brazil. In coastal Brazil there's also a risk for dengue fever, and the Zika virus outbreak in Latin America hit Brazil hard with more than 60,000 confirmed cases in 2015 and 2016.

Public hospitals tend to be crowded and terrible, but they attend any kind of person, including foreigners. Most cities of at least 60,000 inhabitants have good private health care.

Dentists abound and are way cheaper than North America and Western Europe. In general, the quality of their work is consistent, but ask a local for advice and a recommendation.

As described above, the emergency number is 190 atau 192, but you must speak Portuguese.

Beware that air conditioning in airports, intercity buses etc. is often quite strong. Carry a long-sleeved garment for air-conditioned places.

Although Brazil is widely known as a country where sex is freely available, it is sometimes misunderstood regarding HIV. Brazil has one of the best HIV prevention programs and consequently, a very low infection rate compared with most countries. Condoms are highly encouraged by governmental campaigns during Carnaval, and distributed for free by local public medical departments.

Kekal selamat

“	O Brasil não é para principiantes. "Brazil's not for beginners."	”
—Tom Jobim, Brazilian musician

By law, everyone must carry a photo ID at all times. For a foreigner, this means your passport. However, the police will mostly be pragmatic and accept a plastified color photocopy. Not carrying a photo ID can lead to problems and delays if stopped by police or in case of a medical emergency.

Crime

Even the most patriotic Brazilian would say that the greatest problem the country faces is crime. Brazil is one of the most criminalised countries of the world; therefore, the crime rate is high, even for a developing nation. Pick-pocketing and theft are rampant, but perhaps what is more scary to visitors - and also depressingly common - are robberies at gunpoint, which target both locals and tourists. There are cases of armed criminals attacking hotels (from guesthouses to luxurious resorts) and even package tour buses, and armed robberies in crowded areas at plain daylight.

Most visitors to Brazil have trips without any incidents, and a few precautions can drastically reduce the likelihood of being victim of crime. Even with those precautions, though, the chance of a bad incident may still not be negligible. Check the individual city/area articles for advice on specific cities or places. Generally speaking, with exception of a few prosperous countryside areas and smaller towns (mostly in the southern part of the country), most areas in Brazil aren't extremely safe, so it is advisable to avoid showing off expensive possessions in public areas, to avoid deserted streets during the night, and especially, to avoid poor, run-down towns or neighbourhoods. There are cases of Brazilians or tourists being shot down without warning when entering certain neighbourhoods, either in a car or on foot. If you want to visit a favela (slum neighbourhood) or indigenous village, use a licensed, reputable tour service.

Intercity buses are generally safe, but in large cities, intercity bus terminals are often located in run-down, unsafe areas of the city, so it is prudent to take a taxi to and from the terminal rather than walk to or from it. In touristy places, tourists are often seen as "preferred prey" for criminals, so it is better to avoid looking like a tourist. For example, avoid being seen carrying a large camera or guidebook (leave them in a backpack and use them discreetly only when necessary), or dressing in a way dramatically different from the locals. It is perfectly fine to sometimes stop locals to ask questions, but avoid looking clueless and vulnerable when in public.

Emergencies related to crime can be reported to toll-free number 190. Brazil has five police forces, one for each different purpose. Each state has a Military Police (Polícia Militar, often abbreviated as PME*, where * is the abbreviation of the state. In the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brigada Militar, abbreviated as BMRS), which is responsible for ostensive policing, and a Civil Police (Polícia Civil, often abbreviated as PCE*, where * is the abbreviation of the state.), which deals with investigations. In state and federal highways, road patrol is handled by the State Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Estadual) and the Federal Highway Police (Polícia Rodoviária Federal). Border control, security of ports and airports, and interstate crimes are handled by the Federal Police (Polícia Federal). Many municipalities in Brazil also have a Municipal Guard (Guarda Municipal), which is responsible for the security of public parks, city government buildings and city public schools.

Road safety

Murder is probably the top fear of visitors to Brazil, but traffic-related deaths are actually nearly as common as murders - in fact, the chance of a road fatality in Brazil is comparable to countries with poor road safety reputation, like Malaysia atau Vietnam. This may come as surprise as the traffic in Brazil, especially in large cities, appears to be relatively well-organised compared to these countries. However, this apparent sense of safety is where the danger lurks - Brazil has a large share of irresponsible drivers, who defy speed limits, drive under the influence of alcohol, and sometimes ignore traffic lights. Therefore, keep always your eyes open when crossing the road, even when the pedestrian light is green and the cars have stopped - you never know when a motorbike will pop up from between two cars.

In certain parts of the country, especially in the northern part, roads tend to be poor-maintained, and enforcement of traffic regulations tend to be lax. Although sometimes unavoidable, it is worthwhile to re-consider taking very long road trips inside the country when there is the option of taking a plane instead.

Natural hazards

As Brazil is a very large country and has a wide geographical diversity, parts of the country can be affected by natural disasters.

Floods and landslides

In the Amazon, the rainy season occurs between December and May, bringing torrential rains and frequent flooding in these regions, which can make the highways (which are not paved) a real quagmire impossible to transit. However, it can still be a good time to visit some of the well-populated and tourist-oriented areas and, except in unusually strong floods, you can still see the strong waterfalls, igapós and other attractions in the forest that can make an interesting moment to visit.

Floods in the semi-arid Sertão, in the inland of the Northeast region, are rare, so you would be unlucky to find them. However, if you are planning to visit a city in the Sertão and the area is flooded, you should reconsider. The terrain is flat, so the water can take weeks to drain, leaving the land swampy.

The rainiest period in the Central West is generally around the summer months, from early October to April. Some cities can have points of flooding. On the northeastern coast and in the Southeast region of the country, including Salvador, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo and Belo Horizonte, the rainiest period is summer months. Torrential rains in the region can cause floods and catastrophic landslides, including in tourist areas. In São Paulo, as the city is cut by the rivers Tietê and Pinheiros and the soil is impermeable, making the water slow to drain. In mountainous areas in the southeast of the country, landslides can disrupt roads and cause damage.

Earthquakes

As Brazil is located in the center of the South American plate, Brazil does not usually have earthquakes of great intensity and many of them are imperceptible by the population (below 3.0 degrees on the Richter scale).

Hurricanes

Brazil is a difficult country for hurricanes reach, as wind shear is rare in countries close to the Equator and the temperature of the ocean reaches just 26º C on the northeast coast. The only tropical storm that has ever occurred in Brazil was Hurricane Catarina, in 2004, which hit the coast of the states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina. Even so, cases like this are very rare in Brazil.

Tornadoes

The Brazilian states of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina and the center and south of the state of Paraná are part of the South America Tornado Corridor, the second most tornado-prone area in the world (behind the United States Tornado Alley). Monitor local media notices and if you see that the sky is dark, the light take on a greenish-yellow cast or a loud sound that sounds like a freight train, this could be an indication of a tornado. Find shelter immediately.

Refer to the tornado safety article for analysis of the issues here.

Wildfires

Low humidity during the dry season in the Central West and the Pantanal of Brazil, in states like Mato Grosso, Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás and Brasília between May and October can lead to forest fires. If you have breathing problems and are visiting these areas, it is recommended to monitor information from the local media and avoid the areas of fires.

Demonstrations

Demonstrations and political protests are common in Brazil and are best avoided by tourists, as these demonstrations can sometimes become violent and end in clashes with the Military Police, especially when approaching city, state or federal government buildings. The majority of popular demonstrations usually take place in the capitals such as São Paulo (in places like Largo da Batata, Avenida Paulista and Praça da Sé), Rio de Janeiro (Cinelândia and Copacabana Beach), Brasília (Eixo Monumental and Esplanada dos Ministérios) or Porto Alegre (Esquina Democrática and the Historic District).

Cope

Newspapers

The main Brazilian newspapers are Folha de S. Paulo, Estado de S. Paulo (both published in São Paulo) and O Globo (published in Rio de Janeiro). Other major newspapers include Correio Braziliense, Estado de Minas dan Zero Hora. Veja, IstoÉ dan CartaCapital is the main Brazilian national weekly news magazines.

Folha de S. Paulo has an English-language news website. The Rio Times is a Brazilian online newspaper in English language.

Elektrik

Lihat juga: Electrical systems

Brazil is one of a few countries that uses both 110 and 220 volts for everyday appliances. Expect the voltage to change back and forth as you travel from one place to the next—even within the same Brazilian state, sometimes even within the same building. There is no physical difference in the electric outlets (power mains) for the two voltages.

Electric outlets usually accept both flat (North American), and round (European) plugs. Otherwise adaptors from flat blades to round pins are easy to find in any supermarket or hardware shop. Some outlets are too narrow for the German "Schuko" plugs. One makeshift solution is to buy a cheap T-connection and just force your "Schuko" in, -the T will break, but it will work. Very few outlets have a grounding point, and some might not accept newer North American polarized plugs, where one pin is slightly larger. Again, use the cheap T. Near the border with Argentina, you might occasionally find outlets for the Australia/New Zealand-type plug. If crossing the border, you'll probably need this adapter as well.

In 2009/2010, the IEC 60906-1 was introduced to Brazil and some newer buildings already have it. It is backwards compatible with the Europlug, but it has a receded socket. Again, T-plugs can be used as adapters for other common formats.

Frequency is 60 Hz, which may disturb 50 Hz electric clocks. Blackouts are becoming less frequent, but you always run a risk at peak of high season in small tourist towns and during particularly strong storms, even in big cities.

Hormat

Brazilians tend to be very open and talk freely about their problems, especially political subjects and other issues. Also, they use a lot of self-deprecating humour. This allows you to make jokes about the problems in Brazil, when they are talking about such issues, in a playful manner. It is common when you are pointing out something bad, for them to give answers like, "That's nothing. Look at this here. It's so much worse". But don't imitate them, as they are likely to feel offended if you criticize certain areas, such as nature or soccer. In some small towns, local politics can be a sensitive issue, and you should be careful when talking about it. Always be polite.

Punctuality

Brazilians are not known for being punctual, which can be very surprising to visitors from countries where punctuality is highly valued. You should expect your Brazilian contacts to arrive at least 10 to 15 minutes late for any appointment. This is considered normal in Brazil and does not mean a lack of respect for the relationship. However, this does not apply to work or business meetings.

If you are invited to a dinner or party, e.g. 19:00, that does not mean that you must be present at 19:00, but that you must not arrive before 19:00. You will be received at some minutes later. However, not all scheduled activities are tolerant with delays in Brazil. For example, at concerts or plays, the venue's doors close at the scheduled time. Long-distance buses also depart on the scheduled time. Short-distance public transport, such as city buses and subway, is not even concerned with the estimated time of arrival; they arrive when they arrive! Keep these elements in mind when calculating how long things will take.

Delays in the subway or city buses are not uncommon, especially in the capitals (such as São Paulo or Rio de Janeiro). However, long distance bus departures almost always leave on time (even if they arrive late), so don't count on lack of punctuality to save money when you arrive late at the bus terminals. Brazilian airports are also known for their punctuality: flights always take off at the scheduled time.

Things to avoid

• Racism is a very serious offence in Brazil. Most Brazilians frown upon racism (at least in public), and even if you are only joking or you think you know your company, it is still wise to refrain from anything that can be perceived as racism. According to the Brazilian Constitution, racism is a crime for which bail is not available, and must be met with 6 months to 8 years imprisonment. This is taken very seriously. However, the law only seems to apply to overt, unquestionably racist statements and actions. Therefore, be respectful when discussing racial relations in Brazil; do not assume you understand Brazil's history of racial inequality and slavery better than a Brazilian person of colour.
• Portuguese is not Spanish and Brazilians (as well as other Portuguese speakers) feel offended if you do not keep this in mind. The languages can be mutually intelligible to a certain extent, but they differ considerably in phonetics, vocabulary and grammar. It is not a good idea to mix Portuguese with Spanish; don't expect people to understand what you're saying if you (intentionally or unintentionally) insert Spanish words into Portuguese sentences.
• Take care when talking about politics, especially about the Getúlio Vargas regime (1930-1945, 1951-1954) and about the military dictatorship that ruled Brazil from 1964 to 1985. These are sensitive topics in Brazil and although these periods have been characterized as dictatorships, some people have a positive view of Getúlio Vargas or the military in Brazil. Depending on your political views, some may call you "communist" or "fascist".
• Avoid comparing Brazil with its neighbor Argentina: the two countries are considered rivals, especially in the economic area.

LGBT tourism

Brazil is open to LGBT tourists. São Paulo boasts the biggest LGBT Pride Parade in the world, and most major cities will have gay scenes. However, homophobia is widespread in Brazilian society, and Brazil is not the sexual heaven that many foreigners perceive it to be. Couples that in any way don't conform to traditional heterosexual expectations should expect to be open to some verbal harassment and stares if displaying affection in the streets, although several neighborhoods of many of the major cities are very welcoming of the LGBT population, and LGBT-oriented bars and clubs are common. It is best to gather information from locals as to which areas are more conservative and which are more progressive. In general, small towns or rural areas tend to be conservative and many people (especially older ones) may be shocked by public displays of homosexual affection.

Religion

Most Brazilians are Christians, with more than 60% of the population being Catholic and more than 20% being Evangelical or Protestant. However, many Brazilians are secular in everyday life and less than half of the Brazilian population attends church. Avoid talking about religion; Brazilians do not like anything that can be seen by them as proselytizing. It is not necessary to cover your head when entering a church or temple; however, it is recommended to dress respectfully and avoid wearing shorts, miniskirts or sleeveless shirts.

Religious freedom is respected by most Brazilians and people of all religions can generally practice their religion without any problems. Despite this, in the 2010s, there have been some cases of religious intolerance, especially against religions of African origin (such as Candomblé and Umbanda). Most Brazilians do not accept cases of religious intolerance and Brazilian law considers prejudice and religious discrimination crimes.

Social etiquette

• Cheek-kissing is very common in Brazil, among women and between women and men. When two women, or opposite sexes first meet, it is not uncommon to kiss. Two men will shake hands. A man kissing another man's cheek is extremely bizarre by Brazilian standards (unless in family relationships, special Italian descendants, and very close friends). Kissing is suitable for informal occasions, used to introduce yourself or being acquainted, especially to young people. Hand shaking is more appropriate for formal occasions or between women and men when no form of intimacy is intended. Trying to shake hands when offered a kiss will be considered odd, but never rude. However, to clearly refuse a kiss is a sign of disdain.

When people first meet, they will kiss once (Sao Paulo), twice (Rio de Janeiro) or three times (Florianópolis dan Belo Horizonte, for instance), depending on where you are, alternating right and left cheeks. Observe that while doing this, you should not kiss on the cheeks (like in Russia) but actually only touch cheeks and make a kissing sound while kissing the air, placing your lips on a strangers cheek is a clear sign of sexual interest. Failing to realise these rules likely won't be seen as rude, especially if it is known that you are a foreigner.

• Many Brazilians can dance and Brazilians are usually at ease with their own bodies. While talking, they may stand closer to each other than North Americans or Northern Europeans do, and also tend to touch each other more, e.g. on the shoulder or arm, hugs etc. This is not necessarily flirtatious in nature.
• Brazilians love to drink, and going to pubs and bars is definitely part of social life - sometimes even for those who don't drink alcohol. However, alcoholic beverages aren't allowed in certain places such football stadiums, and laws concerning driving under the influence of alcohol have become increasingly more strict and more rigorously enforced.
• Brazilians do not normally take their shoes off as soon as they get home, neither expect their visitors to do so. Hence, only take off your shoes when you visit someone's house if your hosts ask so or you see them do so.

Table etiquette

• Except for highly formal situations, Brazilians don't normally mind their tones when eating and chatting. Restaurants tend to be relatively noisy and cheerful environments, especially when there are tables with large groups of people.
• Most meals will be eaten with forks/spoons and knives, but there are some things that you can eat with your hands. If you are unsure whether you should use the knife to cut something shorter or just grab it with your hands, observe how people behave around you and imitate them - or simply ask.
• Burping is considered impolite, unless you are among very close friends or relatives. Brazilians usually place the knife and the fork in a parallel manner on the plate to signalize they are finished.
• If you order a beer or a soda and it comes with a cup, waiters may fill it for you from time to time as they see it becoming empty. They will normally collect empty bottles and cans without asking you first.

Sambung

Melalui telefon

Brazil has international telephone code 55 and two-digit area codes, and phone numbers are eight or nine digits long. Some areas used seven digits until 2006, meaning you might still find some old phone numbers which won't work unless you add another digit. (Mostly, try adding 2 or 3 at the beginning, or if it's an eight-digit number starting with 6 to 9 try adding a 9 at the beginning).

Eight-digit numbers beginning with digits 2 to 5 are land lines, while eight-digit or nine-digit numbers beginning with digits 6 to 9 are mobile phones.

All cities use the following emergency numbers:

• 190 - Police
• 192 - SAMU (Serviço de Atendimento Móvel de Urgência, Paramedics)
• 193 - Firefighters

However, if you dial 911 while in Brazil, you will be redirected to the police.

To dial to another area code or to another country, you must choose a carrier using a two-digit carrier code. Which carriers are available depends on the area you are dialing from and on the area you are dialing to. Carrier 21 (Embratel) is available in all areas.

The international phone number format for calls from other countries to Brazil is 55-(area code)-(phone number)

In Brazil:

• To dial to another area code: 0-(carrier code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• To dial to another country: 00-(carrier code)-(country code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• Local collect call: 90-90-(phone number)
• Collect call to another area code: 90-(carrier code)-(area code)-(phone number)
• International Collect Call: 000111 or through Embratel at 0800-703-2111

Public payphones use disposable prepaid cards, which come with 20, 40, 60 or 75 credits. The discount for buying cards with larger denominations is marginal. Phone booths are nearly everywhere, and all cards can be used in all booths, regardless of the owner phone company. Cards can be bought from many small shops, and almost all news agents sell them. The Farmácia Pague Menos sells them at official (phone company) price, somewhat cheaper. Calls to cell phones (even local) will use up your credits very quickly (nearly as expensive as international calls). Calling the USA costs about one real per minute.It's possible to find all international and Brazilian phone codes on DDI and DDD phone codes.

Mobile networks

When traveling to Brazil, even though it may seem best to carry your cell phone along, you should not dismiss the benefits of the calling cards to call the ones back home. Get yourself a Brazil calling card when packing for your trip.

Brazil has 4 national mobile operators: Vivo (Telefónica Group), Claro (Telmex/América Móvil Group), OI and TIM (Telecom Italia Group), all of them running GSM, HSDPA/HSPA and LTE networks. There are also smaller operators, like Nextel (NII/Sprint Group) (with iDEN Push-To-Talk and HSPA ), CTBC-ALGAR (GSM and HSDPA in Triangulo Mineiro Region (Minas Gerais)), and Sercomtel (GSM and HSDPA in Paraná).

Pay-as-you-go (pré-pago) SIM cards for GSM phones are widely available in places like newsstands, drugstores, supermarkets, retail shops, etc. Vivo uses 850/1800/1900 MHz frequencies, while other operators uses 900/1800 MHz (and some specific cases, 1900Mhz) frequencies. 3G/HSDPA coverage is available mostly on big cities on the southeast states and capitals. Some states use 850 MHz but others use 2100 MHz for 3G/HSDPA. For LTE, all states and operators use the European 2600Mhz (B7) frequency (700Mhz B28 is being tested) If you need to unlock a phone from a specific operator, this can be done for a charge in any phone shop.

If you prefer, you can use international roaming in any operator (respecting the roaming agreements). In this case, if you want to call to Brazil, you must call the number directly, as stated above, or using the standardized way, as to call abroad.

All major carriers (Vivo, Claro, TIM and Oi) can send and receive text messages (SMS) as well as phone calls to/from abroad. Some operators (as Vivo, Claro, and TIM), can send and receive international text messages.

Television

Brazil uses a hybrid video system called PAL-M. It is not at all compatible with the PAL system of Europe and Australia. Nowadays, most new TV sets are compatible with the NTSC system used in the USA and Canada. Until 2023, Brazil will bring digital broadcasting with the Japanese ISDB standard. Digital terrestrial television is available in almost 90% of Brazil. In addition to the 6 major Brazilian television networks (Globo, RecordTV, SBT, Band, RedeTV and Cultura), many cities in the country have pay TV via cable or satellite. Some hotels have cable TV included with their accommodation, which means that you can also watch the main international news channels and many series and light entertainment reruns, sports and films.

Digital video appliances such as DVD players are also compatible with NTSC (all digital colour is the same worldwide), but make sure the DVD region codes, if any, match your home country (Brazil is part of Region 4). Also, the term "DVD" in Brazil is both an abbreviation for the disc and for its player, so be specific to avoid confusion.

Internet

Hotels, airports and shopping malls often offer free WiFi hotspots for your laptop computer or smartphone. In addition, Brazil seems to be a country with overly many open WiFi hotspots, only requiring login via Facebook for instance.

For general tips on internet while travelling, see our travel topic: Internet access.

Postal services

The Brazilian Correio is fairly reliable and post offices are everywhere. However, if you ask how much it costs to send a letter, postcard or package they will automatically give you the "priority" price (prioritário) instead of the normal one (Econômico). You might think that the priority one will make it go faster, but it isn't always true; sometimes it takes as long as the normal fare, so be sure to ask for the "econômico" price of anything you wish to dispatch.